View the Touch Keyboard

Windows 11 can display a touch keyboard onscreen. This feature is vital for devices that have a touchscreen and no physical keyboard. With a touchscreen, the touch keyboard appears automatically when the cursor (a blinking vertical bar) indicates that you can enter text in a box. If the touch keyboard doesn't appear automatically, you may also see a separate box floating above or below the text box. Tap that floating box to display the keyboard. Or, if you don’t see a floating keyboard, tap the keyboard icon on the taskbar to the right (it’s close to the date and time). To type using the keyboard, simply tap or click a letter, number, or symbol key.

Here are the different types of touch keyboards:

The standard layout (also called QWERTY) appears automatically (see Figure 1-1). The Enter key changes depending on the context.

The uppercase layout, shown in Figure 1-2, appears when you tap the Shift key on the standard layout.

The numbers and symbols layout appears when you tap the &123 key on the standard layout. Tap the &123 key again to return to the standard layout.

The control keys overlay appears on five keys on the standard layout when you tap the Ctrl key. The Ctrl keys are used in common tasks, such as copying (Ctrl+C) or moving (Ctrl+X) selected text. The overlay disappears automatically after you tap one of the control keys (A, Z, X, C, or V).

Select the Settings button (refer to Figure 1-1). The Setting button appears on the top left of the touch keyboard (it looks like a gear). Here, you can select the Keyboard Layout. Default is selected automatically, but you can choose Small, Split, or Traditional. You can also choose to switch to a Handwriting option, which lets you write with your finger. Windows converts your scribbles to block text. Finally, you can also select Theme and Resize. This opens the Personalization window, where you can select different keyboard and size options, shown in Figure 1-3.

Finally, you can add emoticons as you type. Select the emojis button (refer to Figure 1-1) and touch or search for the emoticon you want to use.

FIGURE 1-1

FIGURE 1-2

FIGURE 1-3

Turn On Your Computer

Push the power button briefly and release it. Every computer has a power button. (When we can no longer turn them off, the machines win.) If you have a desktop computer tower, the power button is probably on the front of the tower. Otherwise, you might have to feel around the front and sides of the screen or near the hinges of a laptop. Typically, your computer will beep, some buttons will light, and the screen may flash a logo or a message that disappears before you can read it. (Just let that go.) Soon, you will see the Windows 11 Lock screen.

Turn on any separate hardware (such as a monitor, speakers, or a printer), if necessary.

Enter your password and press Enter (or select the Submit button, the button on the right side of the password textbox). Soon the Windows 11 desktop screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4.

FIGURE 1-4

If you don’t see the Password text box, jiggle the mouse or press a key on the keyboard to wake up Windows 11.

The first time you turn on a new computer, a series of Windows Setup screens appears. Accept the defaults or change them appropriately and then select the button labeled Next.

If your computer doesn't have a keyboard, as is the case with many tablet computers, see the preceding section, “View the Touch Keyboard,” for information on how to type onscreen.

If this is the first time that Windows 11 has started on your computer, you must create a user account, even if no one else will use the machine. See Chapter 4 for details on creating and changing user accounts.

Check Out the Start Screen

Start your computer — if it isn't started already — and sign in to your user account. You'll see the Windows desktop screen (refer to Figure 1-4).

Open the Start screen, as shown in Figure 1-5. Use one of these methods to open the Start screen:

Mouse: Click the Start button (you’ll find it on the taskbar, which is the strip across the bottom of the screen). The Start button is the leftmost icon on the taskbar; it looks like a four-pane window.

Touchscreen: Tap the Start button.

Keyboard: Press the    key.

Examine the Start screen and note the icons. These icons represent available apps (short for application programs, an older term for programs or software). By clicking or tapping an app icon, you can open an app. (See Chapter 2 for information on using individual apps.)

You can take a look at more apps by clicking the Next Page button (refer to Figure 1-5). Also, you can see an alphabetical list of all the apps that are installed on your computer, as shown in Figure 1-6, by clicking the All Apps button (refer to Figure 1-5). By clicking or tapping an app in this list, you can open an app. Click the Back button to go back to the main Start Screen page.

Under Recommended, you see recent files that you’ve opened. Click More to see a complete list. This is a handy way to find a file you recently used.

FIGURE 1-5

While the Start screen is open, you can type the name of an app to open it. For example, to open the Weather app, type weather. This automatically changes the Start screen to the Search screen, which you can also open directly by clicking the Search icon on the taskbar. Select the Weather app listing in the search results to open the Weather app.

Rather than scroll through the alphabetical list to find an app, you can select a letter in the list and then select a letter in the pop-up list of letters that appears (refer to Figure 1-7). For example, to quickly get to the Weather app, select any letter and then select the W on the pop-up list.

FIGURE 1-6

FIGURE 1-7

Click or tap your image (or image and name) on the Start screen. As shown in Figure 1-8, you see a pop-up menu with commands for changing account settings (see Chapter 3), locking your screen (see “Start Again on the Lock Screen,” later in this chapter), and signing out in a favor of another person who shares your computer (see Chapter 4). Who would think that clicking your name would open a pop-up menu?

Click or tap Power on the Start menu. As shown in Figure 1-9, you see a pop-up menu with commands for putting your computer to sleep, shutting down your computer, and restarting your computer. Later in this chapter, “Shut Down Your Computer” looks into the options on this pop-up menu.

Click or tap the Start button. Doing any of these actions when the Start screen is open closes the Start screen. You can also close the Start screen by clicking anywhere on the desktop when the Start screen is open.

FIGURE 1-8

FIGURE 1-9

Shut Down Your Computer

When you have finished using your computer for a while, you may want to shut down Windows 11. Begin by displaying the Start screen:

Mouse: Click the Start button on the taskbar. The Start button is the leftmost icon and looks like a four-pane window.

Touchscreen: Tap the Start button.

Keyboard: Press the    key.

Click or tap Power on the Start menu (refer to Figure 1-9). The Power button is on the bottom right side of the Start menu and looks like a circle with a line through the top.

Available options appear in a pop-up box. Some or all of the following options appear:

Sleep: This option reduces the computer’s power consumption without exiting Windows 11 or closing apps (some computers don’t offer this option). As a result, when you wake the computer by moving the mouse or touching the screen or the keyboard, everything is exactly as you left it: Apps and documents are open, if they were open before Sleep.

Shut Down: This option exits Windows 11 and saves power by turning the computer off. In exiting Windows 11, Shut Down closes any apps that are currently running.

Restart: Temporarily shuts down Windows 11 and turns it on again. Use Restart when Windows 11 asks you to or when Windows 11 is misbehaving.

You can also shut down your computer by using the Start button. Move the pointer over the Start button and right-click. A pop-up menu appears. Select Shut Down or Sign Out on the pop-up menu, and then select an option (Sleep, Shut Down, or Restart).

Choose Shut Down to turn off the computer.

On most computers, pressing the power switch also shuts down the computer, though you should use the Shut Down option in Windows 11 rather than press the power switch button. On a laptop, closing the lid may shut down the laptop or put it in sleep mode.

Start Again on the Lock Screen

Turn on your computer. Every time you turn on your computer, the Lock screen appears. As shown in Figure 1-10, the Lock screen displays the time, day, and date along with a photo. (You discover how to change this photo in Chapter 3.)

Dismiss the Lock screen with one of these methods:

Mouse: Click anywhere, roll the wheel toward you, or drag the entire screen up.

Touchscreen: Drag the entire screen up.

Keyboard: Press any key.

If you don’t use a password or Windows Hello to sign in, wait briefly for the Start screen to appear. If you use a password, enter it with a physical or touch keyboard. Then press Enter or select the arrow next to the password box to display the Windows desktop screen.

Take a break before reading Chapter 2.

FIGURE 1-10

When you take a long break from your PC, it automatically goes to sleep. Windows 11 puts your computer to sleep to save battery life. To decide for yourself how much time passes before your computer goes to sleep, select the Search icon on the taskbar and type lock screen in the Search box. Choose Lock Screen Settings in the search results. On the Personalization > Lock Screen window, scroll down the screen to the Screen Timeout and select it. You come to the Power & Sleep screen. Choose a setting from the Sleep menu. For example, choose 15 minutes to put your computer to sleep after 15 minutes of inactivity.

Change App Settings

On the Start screen, select the Weather icon if the Weather app isn’t open already.

In the Weather app, select the Settings button on the app bar. The Settings screen appears, as shown in Figure 2-7. Settings is the bottommost option on the app bar. If you have trouble locating it, select the Show Options button, the topmost button on the app bar, to see the buttons on the app bar.

It may be hard to remember whether you need the Settings panel or the app bar to do something. In general, functions on the app bar are used more frequently than those on the Settings panel. When in doubt, guess — that’s how discoveries are made.

FIGURE 2-7

Choose whether to show air temperatures in Fahrenheit or Celsius.

Choose a Launch Location option. The Always Detect My Location option tells the Weather app to note by way of your Internet connection where you are currently and give the weather report for that place. Select Default Location and enter the name of the place where you live if you want to receive weather forecasts for that place.

Select Privacy Statement in the Settings window if you’re interested in how Microsoft collects data about you when you use Weather and other apps made by Microsoft. You see a page clotted with legalese and other obfuscations.

Search for an App

Open the Start screen. A Search box appears at the top, as shown in Figure 2-8. If you select the Search box to type a search, the screen automatically changes to the Search screen, shown in Figure 2-9. More easily, you can just select the Search icon on the taskbar to search for an app (or anything else!).

In the Search box, type calc (the first four letters of the word calculator). The Search window shows you the results of your search, as shown in Figure 2-10. You can search for just about anything from the Search box.

Select a filter option at the top of the Search panel (refer to Figure 2-11) to redirect your search. For example, select Apps to search only for apps, Documents to search for files on your computer; select Web to search the web. You can select More to open a drop-down menu and search for any number of things, including folders, music files, photos, and videos.

Type ulator to finish typing the word calculator. The Search panel lists only items with the complete word calculator in them, including the Calculator app.

FIGURE 2-8

FIGURE 2-9

FIGURE 2-10

FIGURE 2-11

Select the Calculator app to open it on the desktop, as shown in Figure 2-12. To perform a calculation, select the buttons on the screen or use a keyboard.

Close the Calculator app by selecting the Close button.

FIGURE 2-12

Pin and Unpin Apps on the Start Screen

Open the Start screen. Your computer has numerous apps already pinned to the Start Screen for easy and fast access. However, you may not want some of these default apps pinned, and you may want some apps pinned that are not. You can easily change the pinned apps any time. Select the All Apps button and locate the Calculator button in the alphabetical list.

Display the Calculator app’s context menu using one of these methods:

Mouse: Right-click Calculator icon.

Touchscreen: Touch and hold the Calculator icon until the context menu appears, and then release your finger.

On the context menu, choose Pin to Start, shown in Figure 2-13.

Select the Back button to return to the Start screen’s main window. The Calculator app is now pinned to your Start screen and appears in the Pinned group.

To unpin the Calculator app from the Start screen, display its context menu again and choose Unpin from Start.

FIGURE 2-13

When you unpin an app from the Start screen, it simply removes the app’s icon from the Pinned group. The app is still safe and sound on your computer. You can pin and unpin any apps you want at any time so that you see only pinned apps you frequently use.

Arrange Apps on the Start Screen

You can rearrange icons on the Start screen by dragging them to different places. On the Start screen, drag the Calculator icon to a different location. As you move the icon, other icons move out of the way, like a game of Dodge Icon.

To drag an app, select the app’s icon with your left mouse key and hold down the key. Then just drag the icon to a new location in your Pinned apps. If you’re using a touchscreen, just press and hold the app’s icon with your finger and drag.

Continue this process until you have organized the app icons in a way that is helpful to you. For example, you may organize the apps in a list starting with the most frequently used to the least frequently used, or you could even place them in alphabetical order. You can rearrange the pinned apps at any time by repeating these steps.

Do you have one app you want first in the list? Just display the app icon’s context menu and choose Move to Top.

Uninstall an App

You can download apps from the Microsoft Store (see Chapter 10), but there may come a time when you want to uninstall an app. For example, say you download a game but don’t find it particularly fun. You no longer want the app on your computer. Good news! You can easily uninstall it. Open the Start screen and select the All Apps button.

Locate the app you want to uninstall in the alphabetical list.

Display the app icon’s context menu using one of these methods:

Mouse: Right-click the app’s icon.

Touchscreen: Touch and hold the app’s icon until the context menu appears, and then release your finger.

Choose Uninstall on the context menu, shown in Figure 2-14. A dialog box appears telling you the app will be removed. Select the Uninstall button on the box. The app is then removed from your computer.

FIGURE 2-14

After you uninstall an app from your computer, it’s gone. The only way to get it back is to redownload it from the Microsoft Store.

Use the Widgets Panel

On the taskbar, select the Widgets icon to open the Widgets panel, shown in Figure 2-15.

FIGURE 2-15

The Widgets panel has three main sections:

Search: The Search box gives you easy way to the Web. Search results appear in Microsoft Edge when you press Enter (see Chapter 6 for more information about Microsoft Edge). See Figure 2-16.

Widgets: This section shows you the widgets currently installed.

News: If you scroll down the panel, shown in Figure 2-17, you see top news stories of the day. You can select a news story to view it, and it will open in Microsoft Edge.

To add a new widget, select the Add Widgets button (see Figure 2-16). In the Widget Settings window, select the plus sign next to the widget you want to add (see Figure 2-18). For example, try adding the Traffic widget by selecting the plus sign next to its name. You can add multiple widgets at the same time. When you’re done, close the window by clicking the Close button.

FIGURE 2-16

FIGURE 2-17

FIGURE 2-18

Remove and Reorganize Widgets

Open the Widgets panel by clicking the Widgets icon on the taskbar.

You can drag the widgets around to display them in a different order on the Widgets panel. There’s no right or wrong way to organize the widgets, so just organize them in a way that’s best for you. To drag a widget to a new location on the panel, hover your mouse on the widget until you see a hand icon. For touchscreens, hold your finger on the widget. Then just drag the widget to a new location. The other widgets move out of the way, as shown in Figure 2-19.

To remove a widget, select the See Options button on the upper right corner of the widget. On the menu that appears, choose Remove Widget, shown in Figure 2-20.

When you remove a widget, it’s just removed from your widget panel (it’s not deleted). You can always add it again later using the Add Widgets button.

FIGURE 2-19

FIGURE 2-20

Customize a Widget

Open the Widgets panel by clicking the Widgets icon on the taskbar.

You can change the size of widget. Select the See Options menu located in the upper right corner of the widget. You can choose from Small, Medium, or Large. In Figure 2-21, all the widgets are set to Small.

To change the size of the widget, just select the size you want from the See Options menu. Widgets do not have to be same size. For example, in Figure 2-22, the Weather widget is set to Large and the Traffic widget is set to Medium. The other widgets are set to Small.

Larger widgets typically display more information. Consider making your most important widgets larger and keep the less important widgets smaller.

You can also customize the data you see on each widget. The customization options vary based on the widget and what the widget does. For example, add the Traffic widget to your widgets (if it’s not already added). Then select See Options and choose Customize Widget, as shown in Figure 2-23.

On the customization window, you can specify a location, such as a city and state, or you can choose to detect your location, shown in Figure 2-24. The second option is helpful if you travel frequently; that way, the widget is always accurate wherever you’re located. Make your selection and choose Save.

Remember, widgets are designed to give you quick information. The idea is that you open the Widgets panel and immediately see information that is important to you. Keep this thought in mind as you choose, organize, and customize your widgets.

FIGURE 2-21

FIGURE 2-22

FIGURE 2-23

FIGURE 2-24

Check for Important Updates

To check for updates to Windows 11, select Windows Update on the left panel of the Settings screen. See “Access the Settings Screen,” earlier in this chapter, if you need help getting to the PC Settings screen. The Windows Update screen appears, shown in Figure 3-7.

The Windows Update screen informs you when Windows 11 last checked for updates and whether any were found. Select the Check for Updates button to find out whether any updates are available and update Windows 11 on your computer.

For some updates to be installed, your computer has to shut down and restart. In cases like this, you see the Restart Now button on the Windows Update screen. You can select the Restart Now button to install the updates right away or just wait until the next time you shut down and restart on your own to install the updates.

Another way to handle updates is to simply leave your computer on overnight. Windows 11 performs the update as you sleep.

You may see a message that one or more updates will be downloaded and installed automatically. You do not have to do anything to install these updates — the update process is automatic. Return to the desktop to let Windows 11 manage updates automatically.

You can select the Advanced Options link on the Windows Update screen to choose how Windows 11 installs updates. Select the View Update History button and get a history of updates that Windows 11 has made to your computer.

Installing an update seldom takes more than a few minutes. You can use your system during the update process.

For information on other updates and maintaining Windows 11, see Chapter 13.

FIGURE 3-7

Make Windows 11 Easier to Use

On the Settings screen, select Accessibility. (See “Access the Settings Screen” for help.) The Accessibility screen, shown in Figure 3-8, appears. This screen offers many settings to make your computer, mouse, and monitor easier to use. These settings are organized into three categories: Vision, Hearing, and Interaction. (You need to scroll down the window to see all the settings.)

Here’s a quick way to open the Ease of Access screen: Press   +U (for usability).

Under Vision, choose the Text Size settings (refer to Figure 3-8). These settings make the screen easier to view and read by making the text larger or smaller.

FIGURE 3-8

Also under Vision, choose the Mouse Pointer and Touch settings to change the size and color of the mouse pointer. As shown in Figure 3-9, Windows 11 offers mouse pointers of different sizes and colors. Choose the combination that tickles your fancy.

Also under Vision, choose Text Cursor settings to change the color and thickness of the text cursor. The text cursor is the vertical line that appears onscreen to show you where text will appear when you begin to type.

Again under Vision, choose Magnifier settings to enlarge what is on your computer screen. These settings are for people who have difficulty seeing. When Magnifier is turned on, the Magnifier toolbar appears onscreen, as shown in Figure 3-10. (Click or tap the magnifying glass icon on the taskbar to see this toolbar, if necessary.) Click or tap the plus sign on the Magnifier toolbar to zoom a portion of the screen for easier viewing. Click or tap the minus sign to see the screen at normal size.

FIGURE 3-9

Without turning the Magnifier switch on, you can magnify the screen. Press   +plus key to zoom in using Magnifier. Press   +minus key to zoom out using Magnifier.

Under Vision, choose a Color Filters setting if you are color blind. If you know which type of color blindness you have — deuteranopia, protanopia, tritanopia — you can choose its name on the Color Filters menu to make seeing items onscreen easier.

Under Vision, choose Contrast Themes settings to alter the screen in a way that might make seeing text easier. These settings are also for people who have difficulty seeing. After you choose a theme, you can choose a color for text, hyperlinks, disabled text, selected text, button text, and backgrounds. Click Apply after you make your choices. Choose None and click Apply if you want to return to the default Windows 11 contrast settings.

FIGURE 3-10

Under Vision, choose Narrator settings to have content on the screen read aloud. These settings are for people who have difficulty reading. After turning on the Narrator switch, you choose voice, speed, and pitch settings to determine what the narrator’s voice sounds like.

Under Hearing, choose Audio Settings to increase the default volume and control whether you hear stereo or mono sound on your computer. If you have poor-quality speakers, turning the Mono Audio option to On can improve the sound.

Also under Hearing, choose Captions settings to control how subtitles appear in audio and video presentations. Choose Font settings to describe what you want the text in the captions to look like. Choose Background and Window settings to describe what the box where the captions appear looks like. The Preview box shows what your choices mean in real terms.

Under Interaction, choose Speech settings to dictate text instead of typing it and control your computer and device with voice commands.

Also under Interaction, choose Keyboard settings to type without using a physical keyboard. This onscreen keyboard uses the layout of a conventional keyboard. However, most people find that the standard Windows 11 virtual keyboard is more flexible. See Chapter 1 for information on the virtual keyboard layouts.

Again under Interaction, choose Mouse settings if for some strange reason you want to control the mouse with the keys on the numeric keypad.

Finally, under Interaction, choose Eye control. This feature allows you to use an eye-tracking device to control the screen by using your eyes. You have to have a tracking device for this to work. You can select the link on this screen to get more information about setting up and using an eye-tracking device.

Customize the Start Menu

On the Settings screen, select Personalization. See “Access the Settings Screen,” earlier in this chapter, if you need help opening the Settings screen.

On the Personalization screen, select Start. The Personalization > Start screen opens, as shown in Figure 3-11. This screen offers a few ways to customize the Start screen.

You can turn the following items on or off (refer to Figure 3-11):

Show Recently Added Apps: Places the names of apps you recently acquired on the Start menu.

Show Most Used Apps: Places the names of programs you use most often on the Start menu. The names of these programs appear under the Recommended heading.

Show Recently Opened Items in Jump Lists on Start or the Taskbar and in File Explorer: Allows you to quickly open folders, files, and windows from the Start menu, taskbar, and File Explorer screen. When you move the pointer over an app or program on the Start menu, an arrow appears; select the arrow to see a menu of items you can open. When you move the pointer over an icon on the taskbar, thumbnail windows appear so that you can choose which window to open. In File Explorer, the items are listed in the Quick Access section of the navigation pane.

Folders: Allows you to place specific folders on the Start menu. These folders appear next to the Power button after you place them there. For example, you might want to add your Documents or Pictures folder to the Start menu for fast and easy access.

FIGURE 3-11

Handle Notifications

Notifications are the sometimes pesky little message boxes that appear in the lower-right corner of the screen when you least expect them. You can decide for yourself whether notifications appear and which notifications you want to see. On the Settings screen, select System. See “Access the Settings Screen,” earlier in this chapter, if you need help opening the Settings screen.

Select Notifications to see the screen shown in Figure 3-12.

Under Notifications in the Notifications from Apps and Other Senders list, turn options on or off to tell Windows whether you want notifications to appear on your screen.

Select the Close button (the X) to close the Settings window.

FIGURE 3-12

Create a Local Account

“Local account” is Microsoft’s name for your ability to start your computer without signing in to Microsoft. Before you create or sign in with a local account, save your work. Then select the Start button, select your picture on the Start menu, and in the pop-up menu that appears (refer to Figure 4-8), choose Sign in with a local account instead.

You can’t download and install apps from the Microsoft Store without signing in with a Microsoft Account. Nor can you upload files to OneDrive. So why have a local account? If you’re concerned about privacy and security, if you don’t want Microsoft to peer over your shoulder and track your every move when you use your computer, consider creating a local account. You can always switch to your Microsoft Account when you want to install apps from the Microsoft Store, use OneDrive, or use Skype (see “Switch from a Local to an Existing Microsoft Account,” later in this chapter).

To create a local account for someone else to use your computer, see “Create a Local Account for Someone in Your Household,” later in this chapter.

Choose the Sign In with a Local Account Instead link. You see the Switch to a Local Account screen, shown in Figure 4-10. Select the Skip This Step button and select Next on the following screen.

Enter the password of your Microsoft Account on the Making Sure It’s You screen, shown in Figure 4-11, and select OK.

In the next screen, shown in Figure 4-12, enter a user name, a password (twice), and a word or two to jar your memory if you forget your password; then select Next.

Passwords are case sensitive. In other words, your computer recognizes uppercase letters and lowercase letters when you create and enter a password. Remember which letters in your password are upper- and lowercase.

If you want to sign in to your local account without having to enter a password, leave the Password, Reenter Password, and Password Hint text boxes blank. Later in this chapter, the sections “Create a Password for a Local Account” and “Change or Remove a Local Account Password” explain the ins and outs of local account passwords.

Select the Sign Out and Finish button. Your Microsoft Account closes, Windows restarts, and you see the Windows 11 screen.

Enter the password you created in Step 3. When you start your computer, Windows 11 assumes that you want to sign in with the account you were using when you last shut down your computer. If you shut down when signed in with your local account, you are asked to provide the password for your local account the next time you start your computer.

FIGURE 4-10

FIGURE 4-11

FIGURE 4-12

Switch from a Local to an Existing Microsoft Account

Follow these steps to sign in with your Microsoft Account when you are currently signed in with your local account. On the Start screen, select your name in the bottom-left corner of the screen and then choose Change Account Settings from the pop-up menu that appears (refer to Figure 4-8). The Accounts screen opens. Your account information appears with Local Account under your name, shown in Figure 4-13.

If you don’t have a Microsoft Account already, see “Create a New Microsoft Account,” earlier in this chapter.

If you don’t see Local Account under your user account name, you’re already signed in with your Microsoft Account.

Select the Sign In with a Microsoft Account Instead link. The screen shown in Figure 4-14 appears. Type the email address or phone number of your Microsoft Account and select the Next button. Note that you must be connected to the Internet to sign in with a Microsoft account.

Enter the password of your Microsoft Account and select the Sign In button.

In the Current Windows Password text box, enter the password of your local account and select the Next button. The Accounts screen opens, where you see the user name and email address of your Microsoft Account.

FIGURE 4-13

FIGURE 4-14

Create a Local Account for Someone in Your Household

Consider creating a local account for each person who uses your computer. A local account is more than just a way to sign in. Each local account preserves the user’s settings and Internet browsing history. When you set up a local account, Windows 11 creates separate folders called Documents, Pictures, Videos, and Music for the account holder. Only the account holder can open and edit files in these special folders. To create a local account, select your name on the Start screen and choose Change Account Settings on the menu that appears (refer to Figure 4-8). The Settings app opens to the Accounts screen.

To create a local account, you must be your computer’s administrator. To see whether you’re the administrator, look for the word Administrator below your name on the Your Info page of the Settings screen.

On the left, select Accounts. On the right, select Family & Other Users. On the next screen that appears, select Add account next to Add Other User, shown in Figure 4-15. The How Will This Person Sign In screen appears.

At the bottom of the How Will This Person Sign In screen, select the link called I Don’t Have This Person’s Sign-In Information.

If you know you want a Microsoft Account instead of a local account, jump to “Create a New Microsoft Account” or “Switch from a Local to an Existing Microsoft Account,” earlier in this chapter.

On the next screen, select Add a User without a Microsoft Account.

On the next screen (it’s called Create a User for This PC), enter the user name in the first box, as shown in Figure 4-16. Use the person's first name, last name, first and last name, initials, or nickname — something easy to remember and type.

You are not required to use a password with a local account, which makes signing in easy. However, without a password, anyone can use the computer and access information that you might want to protect.

In the Password box, enter a password (or skip to Step 9 if you don’t care to create a password for your account). A dot will appear for each character you type.

For suggestions on creating a good password, see the tip in Step 4 in the section, “Create a New Microsoft Account,” earlier in this chapter.

In the Reenter Password box, type the same password exactly.

In the three drop-down menus, choose a security question and type the answer in the text box. If you forgot your password, you will be able to recover it by answering a security question correctly.

After completing all the available boxes, choose the Next button. In the Accounts screen, the new user name appears under Other Users, as shown in Figure 4-17.

Return to the Start screen and select your user name. Notice that the new user name appears on the drop-down menu. You can switch between accounts by selecting a user name on the drop-down menu. To sign out of an account, choose Sign Out.

In the drop-down menu, select the new user name to switch to that account.

A screen appears with the new user name. If you used a password on the new user account, type that password in the box and select the onscreen right arrow or press Enter. If you didn’t use a password, select the Sign In button.

FIGURE 4-15

FIGURE 4-16

FIGURE 4-17

The first time you sign in as a new user, you have to wait a moment while apps are installed for the new user. Soon the generic Start screen appears. (Any settings you changed in your account do not transfer to other accounts.)

When you start a computer for which you’ve created more than one user account, the users’ names appear in the lower-left corner of the Windows 11 screen. To tell Windows which user to sign in with, select a user name on the Windows 11 screen before signing in.

Create a Password for a Local Account

If necessary, sign in to the local account that needs a password. On the Start screen, select your name. From the drop-down menu that appears, choose Change Account Settings (refer to Figure 4-8). The Settings app opens to the Accounts screen.

If you already have a password, see the “Change or Remove a Local Account Password,” later in this chapter.

Select Sign-in Options.

Select Password.

If you don’t have a password but want one, select the Add button under Password.

The buttons available under Sign-in Options depend on your current setup. You may see buttons that enable you to create, change, or remove a particular setting.

On the Create a Password screen, enter a password in the New Password box.

For a local account, the password can be any length. See Step 4 in the “Create a New Microsoft Account” section for suggestions about creating a good password.

In the Reenter Password box, enter the password again.

Enter a hint to remind yourself — and no one else — about your password. And whatever you do, don’t include the password in the hint.

Select Finish. If any error messages appear, correct the entries and select Next again.

Change or Remove a Local Account Password

If you haven’t done so already, sign in to the local account with the password you want to change or remove. On the Start screen, select your name and then choose Change Account Settings. On the left side of the Accounts screen, select Sign-in Options.

In the middle of the screen, select Password.

Select the Change button.

If you don’t have a password but want one, see the preceding “Create a Password for a Local Account” section.

On the Change Your Password screen, enter your current password and then select the Next button.

On the next Change Your Password screen enter the new password. (If you don’t care to have a password, select Next and skip to Step 8.)

To remove your current password and use no password, leave all boxes blank. However, especially if you have a laptop that you carry with you, going without a password isn’t recommended. Without a password to safeguard it, anyone can get into your laptop.

In the Reenter Password box, enter the password again.

Enter a hint to remind yourself — and no one else — about your password. Then select Next. If any error messages appear, correct the entries and select Next again.

The final screen indicates that you must use your new password the next time you sign in. (This message appears even if you left the password blank, in which case you won’t need any password.) Select Finish.

Delete a Local Account

Before you delete a local account, make sure that the user of that account is signed out. Moreover, you must be signed in to a Microsoft Account to delete a local account.

Select your name on the Start screen and choose Change Account Settings. You land on the Your Info page of the Settings screen. Does it say “administrator” under your name? We hope so, because you must be your computer’s administrator to delete a local account. On the Accounts screen, select Family & Other Users.

Select the account you want to delete and then select the Remove button, as shown in Figure 4-18.

In the Delete Account and Data window, select the Delete Account and Data button.

Take heed of the onscreen warning. Deleting a user account removes the user’s data, including all documents, music, and other files. If you're not sure which option is best, choose Cancel.

FIGURE 4-18

Resize a Window

To resize a window, open File Explorer by selecting the folder icon in the taskbar. (Refer to Figure 5-6.)

If the window is maximized (fills the screen), select the Restore button to make the window smaller.

Use one of these methods to resize the window:

Mouse: Move the mouse pointer to the right edge of the window until the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, called the resize pointer. Click and drag the edge of the window, using the resize pointer. (To drag, click and hold down the mouse button while you move the mouse.)

Touchscreen: Drag the right edge of the window.

Drag left to shrink the window and right to expand it.

Resize the window's width and height at the same time by dragging a corner of the window. If you want a challenge, try resizing the top-right corner without accidentally selecting the Close button.

Resize the window's width or height by dragging any of the four sides.

You may want to resize a window to show only what you need to see, nothing more. Practice resizing from any side or corner.

Leave the window open as you go on to the next task.

Arrange Some Windows

On the desktop, select and open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking or double-tapping its icon. The Recycle Bin contains deleted files and folders. It appears in another File Explorer window. See Figure 5-7.

Double-click by clicking the left mouse button twice, without a pause. Double-tap by tapping twice in quick succession.

If File Explorer isn’t still open from the preceding section, open it by selecting the folder icon on the taskbar. You now see two overlapping windows on the desktop (refer to Figure 5-7), one titled This PC and the other titled Recycle Bin.

The window in front of the others is called the active window. All other windows are inactive. Selecting anywhere in an inactive window makes it active and moves it to the front of the others.

Drag the Recycle Bin title bar (avoiding the buttons on the left and right ends) to move that window a little.

Drag the This PC title bar (again, avoiding the buttons on both ends). The This PC window moves in front of the Recycle Bin as you move it. Move both windows so that you can see a little of each (refer to Figure 5-7).

Practice moving both windows. Arranging windows helps you see and do more than one thing at a time. Use the techniques from the preceding section, “Resize a Window,” to see as much as you can of both windows at one time.

If you can’t see the title bar of the window you want to move, move the other window to uncover the hidden title bar.

Leave both windows open for the following task.

FIGURE 5-7

Use Snap Layouts

With the File Explorer window and Recycle Bin open, also open the Edge browser and the Windows Store (both are available as icons on the taskbar).

Now you have four different windows open on your desktop. That’s a lot of windows to manage. What if you’re trying to work with all of them at the same time? You would have to toggle back and forth between those windows, which would be time consuming and confusing. Windows 11 provides an easy and fun way to work with several windows at the same time on the desktop, called Snap Layouts. Point your mouse to the Maximize button on one of the windows (it doesn’t matter which one) and you see a pop-up menu appear, as shown in Figure 5-8.

Each snap layout group represents an area of the desktop where you can snap the selected window to. For example, choose the left block in the first snap group and then choose the right block in the first snap group for a second window. This snaps both windows in place so that you can easily work with them at the same time, as shown in Figure 5-9.

What if you have four open windows? In that case, just choose the four-window snap layout and snap each open window to the desired location. For example in Figure 5-10, File Explorer, Recycle Bin, Edge, and the Windows Store are snapped into a four-grid layout.

In the snap view, you can work with each window without minimizing the others. To move a window out of a snap view, just drag its title bar or select the Maximize button. Then you can move the window around, resize, or close it as you normally would.

FIGURE 5-8

FIGURE 5-9

You can maximize a single window by dragging it to the top edge of the screen. Dragging a window to the top is the equivalent of selecting the Maximize button (see the section “Explore the Parts of a Window,” earlier in this chapter).

FIGURE 5-10

Open a Second Desktop

If File Explorer and Recycle Bin aren’t open on your desktop (because you didn’t follow the previous exercise in this chapter), open those programs now.

Select the Virtual Desktop button on the taskbar. After you select the Virtual Desktop button, a thumbnail version of an open desktop appears and you see an option to select New Desktop, as shown in Figure 5-11.

Select New Desktop. You see a brand-new, pristine desktop, labeled Desktop 2, as shown in Figure 5-12. Congratulations; you are now in Desktop 2. Create a second (or third or fourth) desktop when you want to keep the first desktop from getting crowded with too many applications or to better organize your work. For example, if you’re using applications for your work and using other applications for leisure purposes, put the work applications on one desktop and the leisure applications on another. This will help you find the application you want to work with.

While you are on Desktop 2, open the Photos app. Having just one application on the desktop makes working with that application a little easier.

Move the pointer or your finger onto the Desktop 2 tile, and when the Close button appears, click or tap the Close button to close Desktop 2. The Photos app that you opened on Desktop 2 now appears on Desktop 1, the only open desktop. When you close a desktop, all its open applications move to the desktop that is still open.

FIGURE 5-11

FIGURE 5-12

Choose a Desktop Background

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and search for Settings. Choose the Settings app in the search results.

Select Personalization. Then, in the Personalization window, select Background. The Background screen, shown in Figure 5-13, is the place to go to choose a background for the Windows desktop.

You can use the Personalization window to customize many aspects of the desktop. The more time you spend on the desktop, the more worthwhile this personalization may be.

In the Personalization window, select Picture on the Background menu (see Figure 5-13).

Select any photo to make that photo the desktop background. The background changes immediately. To see the entire desktop, minimize the Settings window. Restore the Settings window by selecting its icon on the taskbar or by repeating the preceding steps.

FIGURE 5-13

To use a photo of your own as the desktop background, select the Browse Photos button and choose a photo in the Open dialog box.

Note on the Personalization window, you choose Themes and apply a different theme to your Windows 11 PC. Doing so will affect the desktop photo, colors, and possibly even sounds. You can also download free themes from the Microsoft Store to make Windows 11 even more personalized. See Chapter 10 to find out more about the Microsoft Store.

Pin Icons to the Taskbar

On the Start screen, select the All Apps button and locate the Calculator icon, as shown in Figure 5-14.

Use one of these methods to display the shortcut menu on the Calculator icon:

Mouse: Right-click the Calculator icon.

Touchscreen: Swipe the Calculator icon down or up slightly.

Select More on the shortcut menu. A submenu with more options appears (see Figure 5-15).

Select Pin to Taskbar on the submenu. Doing so places the icon for Calculator on the desktop taskbar for easy access. The Calculator icon appears on the taskbar.

Press   +D to go directly to the desktop at any time.

FIGURE 5-14

FIGURE 5-15

Repeat Steps 1 and 3 and then select Unpin from Taskbar.

A fast way to remove an icon from the taskbar is to right-click it and choose Unpin from Taskbar on the shortcut menu.

Switch to the desktop. The Calculator icon is gone.

Pinned icons have a killer feature: jumplists, which are short menus of tasks and documents specific to the pinned app. To see the jumplist of a pinned app, right-click its icon on the taskbar or tap and hold on the icon until a small box appears. Try that with the File Explorer icon on the taskbar. Not all desktop apps have jumplists.

Stop Apps with the Task Manager

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and search for Task Manager. Select Task Manager from the search results.

The Task Manager lists any running apps — both desktop apps and Windows 11 apps. Select an app, also referred to as a task. Note that the End Task button is now available, as shown in Figure 5-16. You don't have to end this task, but you could. Any of the tasks in the Task Manager window can be ended without consequences.

Be careful about ending an app used to create something (for example, a word-processing app) because you could lose data you haven’t saved before ending the task. Use the Task Manager to end tasks that you can’t end otherwise, such as a frozen or locked app or one that seems to slow down everything.

Close the Task Manager.

FIGURE 5-16

With Edge open, go to the address bar and type travel. A drop-down list of search terms with the word travel appears as Edge attempts to guess what you’re searching for. (Ignore this list for this exercise, but take advantage of it later.) Select Bing Search on the right side of the search term list to open the Bing website.

You can search the Internet from the Search icon on the taskbar without opening Edge. Type a search term in the Search box. The Search panel lists items pertaining to the search term you entered, including ideas for web searches. Select a web-related item to search with Edge.

A search results page appears, as shown in Figure 6-5. The results come from www.bing.com, which is the default search engine for Edge. A search engine is simply a website that provides links to web pages that match your search. (That definition, however, ignores the complex process going on behind the scenes.)

Scroll down the page of search results. Select any link you want to follow. If you get to the bottom of the page, select the Next button to see more search results.

Some of the “search results” are advertisements. In Bing searches, the results at the top of the page and the right side of the page are paid for. Be careful of these advertisements, which are designed to sell you something, not to provide information. If you prefer not to see advertisements on web pages, see “Block Ads on Web Pages,” later in this chapter.

Return to the previous screen by selecting the Back button (or pressing Alt+left arrow).

Select the address bar and type travel new mexico (no capitals needed). As you type, potential matches for your terms appear in the drop-down list. If you see an item matching the search you want, select it in the list. Otherwise, press Enter.

Different search engines turn up different results. Other search engines include Google (www.google.com) and Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com). To use one of these search engines when exploring the web, enter its address in the address bar.

Note the tabs at the top of the Bing page, below the Search box. The first tab is All, which contains the results you see by default. Additional tabs vary with the search. Select each of the tabs, which may include any of the following:

Images displays pictures matching your terms.

Videos displays clips and snippets related to your search terms.

Maps will help you get there.

News displays search results from recent news, instead of all the results of the broader web.

Shopping directs you where to shop for items that match your search term.

Leave Edge open if you want to move on to the next topic.

FIGURE 6-5

Bookmark and Revisit Your Favorite Websites

Open Edge, if it isn’t already open, and go to your favorite website on the Internet (or if you don’t have a personal favorite, just go to www.dummies.com). If you’ve spent any time on the Internet, you soon find websites that you want to visit again and again. Rather than memorize the addresses of these websites, you can add them to your Favorites list to make revisiting them quite easy.

Select the Add This Page to Favorites button (located on the right side of the address bar; it’s shaped like a star). The Add to Favorites panel opens, as shown in Figure 6-6. Use this panel to describe the websites you want to revisit, and store their names in the Favorites panel (you’ll take a look at the Favorites panel in Step 4).

Before selecting the Add button to add your favorite website to the Favorites list, consider doing the following:

Enter a shorter, more concise, more descriptive name in the Name text box.

Open the Save In menu and select a folder name to store the website in a folder. (Step 8 explains how to create folders of your own.)

To verify that the website you are currently visiting has been added to the Favorites list, select the Favorites button (or press Ctrl+I). The Favorites panel opens, as shown in Figure 6-7. Look for your website in the Favorites panel.

Select the Back button to go to the website you visited previously. This button is located in the upper-left corner of the screen. Next, select the Favorites button (or press Ctrl+I) and, in the list of bookmarked websites, select the website you bookmarked in Step 3 (see Figure 6-7). Your favorite website opens on the screen.

Don’t hesitate to bookmark a website that you expect to revisit. Unless you bookmark it and add it to your Favorites list, you might not be able to find it again.

To remove a website from the Favorites list, display the Favorites list, right-click the website’s name to display the context menu, and select Delete.

You can make the Favorites bar appear below the address bar, as shown in Figure 6-8. Merely by clicking or tapping a website name on the Favorites bar, you can go straight to a favorite website without having to open the Favorites panel. To display the Favorites bar, open the Favorites panel and select the See More button (refer to Figure 6-7). On the menu that appears, choose Show Favorites Bar Any website you really, really like is a candidate for the Favorites bar.

Click anywhere onscreen except in the Favorites panel to close the Favorites panel. Then select the Favorites button to open the Favorites panel (refer to Figure 6-7). From here, you can manage websites that you have deemed your favorites:

Reorder the websites and folders: Drag a website or folder up or down in the Favorites panel until it lands in the right place.

Remove a website (or folder): Display the folder or website’s context menu (right-click or touch it with your finger). Then choose Delete.

Create a folder: Choose Add Folder on the Favorites panel toolbar and type the new folder’s name.

Rename a website (or folder): Display the folder’s context menu (right-click it or touch it with your finger), choose Rename, and enter a new name.

Folders can be a big help in organizing and finding bookmarks in the Favorites panel. If you’re the type who likes to bookmark websites, give some thought to creating folders to store your bookmarks.

Leave Edge open if you want to move on to the next topic.

FIGURE 6-6

FIGURE 6-7

FIGURE 6-8

Explore Edge Features

You can decide what web pages you want to see on Edge’s start screen. Go to your absolute favorite web page so that you can pin this web page to the Start screen. Select the Settings and More button (it’s located in the upper-right corner of the screen). Then, on the drop-down menu, choose More Tools and choose Pin to Start on the submenu. Select Pin in the confirmation dialog box that asks whether you really want to pin this web page to the Start menu or cancel. You get a second confirmation dialog box making sure, so click Yes to that box as well (yes, it’s a bit redundant!).

Close Edge and then go to the Start screen and select your favorite web page’s tile. By selecting this tile, you do two things at one time — you start Edge and open it to your favorite website. Isn’t that convenient?

Select the Settings and More button, and then select History on the menu that appears. As shown in Figure 6-9, the History panel opens. This panel offers the means to backtrack to websites you visited in the past hour, the past day, or the previous week.

Scroll to the bottom of the History panel to delve into ancient history and see websites you visited some time ago. Select a website to open it in Edge.

To erase your browsing history and remove all web page names, select More Options on the History panel and select Clear Browsing Data.

Steps 3 and 4 demonstrate how Edge keeps track of web pages you visited, but what if you resent this kind of snooping? You can browse the web without letting Edge keep a historical record of the websites you visited. To browse in private, select the Settings and More button (it shows three dots and is located in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose New InPrivate Window in the drop-down menu. Edge opens a second, “InPrivate” window, as shown in Figure 6-10. Websites you visit privately are not recorded in the History panel. Close the InPrivate window for now (or browse a while and then close it).

FIGURE 6-9

FIGURE 6-10

You can tell when you’re browsing privately because the word InPrivate appears in the upper-left corner of the Edge window (see Figure 6-10).

InPrivate browsing doesn’t track your browsing history or associate searches with your profile; however, it does not hide your browsing from your school, employer, or Internet service provider.

Have you ever found interesting things on the web, such as a photo, a recipe, or even a whole web page that you would like to save for later? You can do that with an Edge feature called Collections. Collections is a fun and easy to way to save anything you find on the web so that you can use it later. To get started, click the Collections button on the Edge toolbar and then click Next in the Collections panel, shown in Figure 6-11. You see a few screens with some basic info for you; just click Next through those screens.

FIGURE 6-11

On the New Collection panel, you can add the current web page or even drag an image to the panel to begin a collection. In Figure 6-12, you can see a couple of web pages and image in a collection.

Can’t seem to drag an image to the Collections panel? Just right-click the image and select Add to Collections.

If you want to remove something from a Collection, right-click the item in the Collections panel and click Delete.

The Collection panel has an Add Note button, which is a handy feature. For example, if you’re shopping for a new car and you save several website and images, you can add your personal notes to the Collection so that you can review them later. Having a note can be a helpful way to remind you of specific details about images or websites that you don’t want to forget.

FIGURE 6-12

You can create as many collections as you want. Select the Collections button and then select Start New Collection on the Collections panel. For example, you could create a collection of images and websites called Birthday Ideas, or maybe one called Recipes (if you like to cook), or Vacation Ideas. How you organize your Collections is completely up to you!

Close Edge or keep reading if you’re inclined to find out how to turn off the ads on web pages.

Block Ads on Web Pages

As you soon find out if you spend any time on the web, web pages are full of cumbersome advertisements. They often get in the way. How would you like to strip the ads from the web pages you visit? You can do that by installing an app from the Microsoft Store called Adblock Plus. Chapter 10 explains how to install an app from the Microsoft Store. Close Edge, go to the Microsoft Store, and install Adblock Plus now (and visit Chapter 10, if necessary). It’s free, and installing takes only half a minute. We’ll wait for you here.

The first time you open Edge after Adblock Plus is installed, you see the message screen confirming the installation. You can close this message and then go to a web page of your choice.

Figure 6-13 shows the same web page before and after Adblock Plus was installed. Notice the large ad at the top of the first Edge screen. This ad is absent from the same screen on the bottom of the figure. After you install Adblock Plus, the Adblock Plus button (with the letters ABP) appears on the toolbar (refer to Figure 6-13). A number next to the button tells you how many ads were blocked on the web page you’re visiting.

FIGURE 6-13

Click the ABP button on the toolbar. You see the drop-down menu shown in Figure 6-14. It also tells you how many ads were blocked. Occasionally you run into a web page that can’t be viewed when ads are blocked. In cases like that, you can turn off Adblock Plus. To do so, click the APB button, drag the slider on the drop-down menu to the left, and select the Refresh button.

Click or tap anywhere on the web page to close the Adblock Plus drop-down menu.

FIGURE 6-14

Although ad blocking software and InPrivate browsing can help you, know that some websites may not function properly or refuse to work altogether when you’re using these tools. This doesn’t happen too often, but often enough to mention!

If you want to add bold, italics, or other formats to email, select the text you want to fancy up in the Compose window, as shown in Figure 7-3. If no text is selected, your formatting will apply to the word in which the cursor (the blinking vertical line in the content) is located.

Mouse: Click and drag the mouse pointer over the text you want to select.

Touchscreen: Tap and drag over the text you want to select.

Keyboard: With the cursor at the beginning of the text you want to select, hold down the Shift key as you press the right or down arrow to select text. Release the Shift key only after you have completed your selection.

To apply formatting to one word, double-click or double-tap that word to select it and display the app bar in one step.

The keyboard shortcut to select all text is Ctrl+A. No mouse or touchscreen method is quite so complete.

Using the commands on the Format tab, select from the following formatting options:

Bold: Bold is used for emphasis to make text stand out.

Italic: Although italic can also be used for emphasis, it may be harder to read than normal or bold text.

Underline: Because links are usually underlined automatically, you may want to avoid underlining text that isn’t a link.

Bulleted list: Select the Bullets button and enter items for the list. As you enter items, Mail attaches a bullet point to the start of each line.

Numbered list: Select the Numbering button and type the list. As you type, Mail assigns a number to each line.

Styles: Choose a style from the drop-down menu. A style applies many formats simultaneously. Heading 1, for example, enlarges the text and turns it blue.

See Chapter 1 for information on using the virtual keyboard’s emoticons.

To create a hyperlink, go to the Insert tab and select the Link button. Then enter the address destination of the hyperlink in the address bar that appears. See Chapter 6 for more information about hyperlinks.

When you finish formatting the text, select the Send button.

FIGURE 7-3

Send Files and Pictures

To send a file or picture with your email message, go to the Insert tab. As shown in Figure 7-4, the Insert tab offers tools for sending files and pictures.

Select the Files button to send a file. The Open dialog box appears. Locate and select the file you want to send and then select the Open button in the dialog box. You can send more than one file with an email message. In the Compose window, files you want to send appear as thumbnails under the heading “Attachments” (see Figure 7-4). Click the X button on a file if you change your mind about sending it.

To send a picture with an email message, place the cursor where you want the picture to be. Then select the Pictures button on the Insert tab. The Open dialog box appears. Select the picture and then click or tap the Insert button.

You can format pictures before sending them. Click or tap a picture to select it in the Compose window. The Picture tab appears. Using the tools on this tab, you can rotate, crop, and resize pictures.

When you have finished attaching your files and pictures, select the Send button to send them on their merry way.

FIGURE 7-4

Chapter 11 explains how you can use the Photos app to scan photos to send them to others.

Read and Respond to Incoming Email

On the Start screen, select the Mail tile. The Mail app opens to the Inbox folder.

Select a message under the Inbox heading. The Inbox view changes to the message view, as shown in Figure 7-5.

In email terminology, bouncing messages back and forth with someone about the same subject is called a conversation. When you select an email message that is part of a conversation, the other messages in the conversation appear as well so that you can select and reread them. You can also find these conversations in the Conversation History folder.

After you read the message, you can respond to or forward it if you want. Select the Reply or Reply All button to reply; select the Forward button to forward the message. Selecting any of these buttons starts a new message (refer to Figure 7-2) that includes the text of the original message. The subject line is automatically RE: [the original subject] (in the case of replies) or FW: [the original subject] (in the case of forwarded messages). Complete your message and select the Send button.

Reply All sends your response to all the other recipients, if a message is addressed to more than one person. The Reply option sends your response only to the sender. Select Forward to send the selected message to someone else. You can add your own text or remove portions of the forwarded message in the process.

See the sections “Write an Email Message” and “Format Email,” earlier in this chapter, for more information on composing an email message.

Note the following options for managing messages (to take advantage of some of these options, select the More button in the upper-right corner of the screen):

Delete: Use this option to delete the message.

Set Flag: Use this option to place a flag icon next to the message in the Inbox so that you remember to deal with the message later on. You can swipe right to flag a message.

Mark Unread/Read: Use this option if you want the message to appear unread (marked with a horizontal blue line in the Inbox). Select the More button (the three dots on the right side of the toolbar) to see this option. Some people mark a message as unread when they want to deal with it later.

Move: Use this option to move the selected email from one folder to another. To access the Move option, select the More button (refer to Figure 7-5). After you select Move on the More drop-down menu, select a folder in the Move To panel to move your email.

FIGURE 7-5

If you add email accounts from providers such as Gmail, you may see additional categories or options. See the section “Add an Email Account to Mail” at the end of the chapter.

Change Mail Settings

In Mail, display the Settings panel, shown in Figure 7-6. To display the Settings panel, display the Folder panel and select the Settings button (you’ll find it in the lower-right corner of the Folder panel). The Settings panel appears on the right side of the Mail screen.

On the Accounts panel, select Manage Accounts, and then select the email account with settings that need a change. The Account Settings dialog box appears (see Figure 7-7, left).

Make any desired changes on the Account Settings dialog box and select the Save button:

Account Name: The name of the email service provider. You can change this, if you want. Curt might use Curt’s email.

Change Mailbox Sync Settings: Click or tap here to open the Sync Settings dialog box (see Figure 7-7, right) and change how and when the Mail app collects email. Skip to Step 5 if you choose this option.

Delete Account: Deletes the email account. The Mail app is no longer associated with the account after you delete it.

In the Sync Settings dialog box (refer to Figure 7-7, right), choose settings and select the Done button:

Download New Content: If you don’t want email constantly streaming into your Inbox, you can change this setting to every 15 or 30 minutes, Hourly, or only when you select the Sync This View button (which is located next to the Search button).

Always Download Full Message and Internet Images: Select this option if pictures aren’t appearing in your incoming email messages.

Download Email From: You can limit how far back to download messages to your computer. This setting isn’t relevant in a new email account.

Sync Options: Turn the Email setting to Off only if you don’t want the Mail app to receive email from the account. Turn the other two settings, Calendar and Contacts, to Off if — for the purpose of privacy — you don’t want the Mail app to retrieve information from the Calendar app or People app.

FIGURE 7-6

FIGURE 7-7

Add an Email Account to Mail

If you have another email address, you can add it to Mail. Adding an account has definite advantages. Instead of going hither and yon to collect your email from different accounts, you can collect all your mail in one place — the Mail app. The following steps explain how to add an existing Gmail account to Mail. In Mail, display the Settings panel (refer to Figure 7-6) and then select Manage Accounts.

In the Manage Accounts panel, select Add Account.

Many people have more than one email address. Your Internet service provider probably gave you an email account, and you may have another through work or school. However, this feature isn't for everyone.

In the Add an Account dialog box, select the service with which you have an email account. If your service doesn’t appear here, select Other Account. If you have a Gmail address (or you just want to see what’s next), select Google.

On the Connecting to a Service screen, enter your Gmail address, select Next, and enter your password in the appropriate box. Then select Next. Select the Back button if you don’t want to continue.

The next screen informs you how your Gmail account will connect with the Mail app. Scroll to the bottom of this screen and select the Allow button.

In the dialog box that says you’ve added an account, select Go to Inbox.

Return to the Manage Accounts folder (select the Settings button and choose Manage Accounts in the Settings panel). As shown in Figure 7-8, the Manage Accounts panel shows you the names of your accounts. You can switch to a different account by selecting its name in the Manage Accounts panel.

FIGURE 7-8

See the preceding section, “Change Mail Settings,” for the steps to review or change settings for your newly added account.

Create Email Folders

You may have a certain person with whom you exchange emails often, such as a friend, adult child, or even grandchild. If you want to keep these messages, you can create a custom folder just for that purpose. This way, you can easily access those emails any time you want.

In Mail, click the All Folders button to display the All Folders panel.

Select the Create New Folder button, shown in Figure 7-9.

Enter the new folder name in the dialog box that appears and press Enter. The new folder now appears in the All Folders list.

Organize Email in Folders

All email you receive initially appears in Mail’s Inbox. You can move email that you want to keep to an appropriate folder. (You can create as many folders as you like, as shown in the previous section.) To move an email, first select the email in the Inbox to open it.

Select the Actions menu and then select Move. You can also right-click an email in your Inbox and select Move.

In the All Folders list that appears, select the folder you want to move the email to. The email message is moved to that folder, and you can access it any time by selecting that folder.

If you move an email message to a folder but later want to move it to a different folder, you can easily do so. Just open the folder where the message is currently stored and repeat the previous steps to move it to a different folder.

FIGURE 7-9

Manage Chats

In Teams, select Chat on the toolbar.

Choose a chat conversation in the navigation pane and select More Options (point your mouse to the chat to see the More Options button appear; it’s the three dots).

The More Options menu gives you a few different ways to manage chat conversations, as shown in Figure 8-10:

Pop-Out Chat: This option opens the chat in a new, pop-out window.

Mark as Read / Unread: You can mark a chat as either read or unread. If you’ve read the chat, it will default to “read,” but you can change it back to unread if you want (which is a good way to remind yourself to respond to chat later).

Pin: This option pins the chat conversation to the top of your Chat list in the navigation pane. Doing so makes it easy to return to conversations you’re actively engaged in.

Mute: Say you’re chatting with a group of friends, but the conversation spirals into details that don’t pertain to you. You can mute the conversation so that you don’t get updates as people continue to chat.

Block: This option blocks a chat and the people chatting with you. Make sure you want to use this feature before you block someone from getting in touch.

Hide: This option hides the chat from the navigation pane so that you won’t see it any longer.

Delete: Finished with a chat? You can choose to delete it from the navigation pane. Be careful: After you delete a chat conversation, it’s gone forever!

You can also filter your chat conversations. For example, if you have a lot of conversations in the chat navigation pane, it can be difficult to find the one you want. You can select the Filter option on the navigation pane and see only the chats from a specific person, as shown in Figure 8-10. This will make finding specific chat conversations easier.

You can invite your friends and family to join Teams so that you can more easily connect with them. At the bottom of the navigation pane, select the Invite to Teams button. A window appears with a link, as shown in Figure 8-11. Click Copy. You can then paste this link into email messages, text messages, and so forth. The link gives your friends and family a quick way to download the Teams software and get connected with you. A Microsoft Account is required for anyone using Teams.

FIGURE 8-10

FIGURE 8-11

Start a Meeting

In Teams, a meeting is a live video call. To start a meeting, select Chat on the toolbar and select the Meet Now button, shown in Figure 8-12.

FIGURE 8-12

In the dialog box that appears, give the meeting a name (you can accept the default name). You can then get a link for the meeting, which you can send to others whom you want to attend, or you can start the meeting. Click Start Meeting.

The Teams interface changes to a video meeting window, shown in Figure 8-13. Before you join the meeting, there are a few important settings you can set up here:

Turn on Audio: This setting is on by default; otherwise, your microphone will not work during the meeting.

Turn on Video: This setting is on by default; otherwise, your webcam will not work during the meeting.

Background Filter: This option, shown in Figure 8-14, blurs the background of your video. This option is helpful to reduce clutter and increase visibility in your video. It also helps provide some level of privacy (unless you want everyone to see the unfolded laundry behind you!).

FIGURE 8-13

FIGURE 8-14

Device Settings: This feature opens a panel where you can select the speakers, microphone, and camera you want to use for the video call, shown in Figure 8-15. This feature is really only helpful if you have multiple microphones or webcams connected to your computer. This way, you can choose the ones you want to use.

Select Join Now. The Video window opens. You see yourself as well as any other participants as they join the meeting. Now you can visit virtually with your friends, family, and any other person or group you want to meet with.

FIGURE 8-15

When you’re finished meeting, just select the red Leave button in the upper-right corner of the screen.

Schedule a Meeting

In Teams, select Calendar on the toolbar and choose the New Meeting button, shown in Figure 8-16. The odds are good that you’ll want to schedule meetings with other people. When you schedule a meeting, you create a date and time and then send a meeting link to the people you want to invite so that you can all meet at the same time. This is a great way to schedule time with others.

FIGURE 8-16

In the New Meeting window, make sure that your time zone is correct, and then enter the details of the meeting, as shown inFigure 8-17. When you’re done, select Save.

Teams creates the meeting and gives you a dialog box from which you can copy the meeting link and even add it to Google Calendar. Either way, you want to share the meeting with the link or calendar with the people you want to attend.

FIGURE 8-17

When you send a meeting link, all the participant has to do is click the link to open the meeting in Microsoft Teams.

Need to cancel a meeting? No problem — select Calendar on the toolbar and locate your meeting on the calendar. Right-click the meeting and select Cancel. You can also right-click the meeting and choose Edit to change the date, time, and other details.

Manage Teams Settings

In Teams, select Settings and More and choose Settings from the menu, as shown in Figure 8-18.

In the Settings pane, choose Notifications. Teams will notify you if someone is trying to connect with you through notifications and sounds. You can manage the notifications and sounds by clicking Open Windows Notifications Settings. Here, you can determine what notifications you receive. For more information about Windows 11 notifications, see Chapter 3.

FIGURE 8-18

Select Appearance and accessibility in the Settings panel. Here, you can choose a theme for Teams. By default, Light is selected, but you can choose Dark or High Contrast if you like, as shown in Figure 8-19.

Select Privacy in the Settings panel. The default settings here are all you need, but there is one setting you should note. By default, when you read a chat or anything else in Teams, the sender can see that you’ve read it (called a read receipt). You can turn this feature off with the toggle button if you don’t want others knowing whether you’ve read their messages.

FIGURE 8-19

Search and Explore with the Maps App

Use the Search icon on the taskbar and search for Maps; then select the Maps app in the search results. Use this app to locate places and to get driving or walking directions.

Click or tap in the Search box. A drop-down list appears. It lists items you already searched for, if you searched already. You can select an item on the list to revisit it.

Type 1 california st, san francisco (you don’t need to enter capital letters) in the Search box. As you type, options appear in the Search panel. Select the address you entered, not the names of businesses located at the address. As shown in Figure 9-12, the Maps app shows you where the address is located; it also provides a photo. As well as typing addresses in the Search box, you can enter the names of places and landmarks.

FIGURE 9-12

Select the Zoom Out button (or press Ctrl+minus sign) on the app bar in the map. Then select the Zoom In button (or press Ctrl+plus sign). The tools on the app bar can help you read the map better (refer to Figure 9-12).

Select the Directions button (refer to Figure 9-12), which is the button in the upper-right corner near the Search box. (Or you can press Ctrl+D.) Tools appear to help you get from place to place. Click or tap in the Starting Point box (Box A), and when the drop-down menu appears, choose 1 California St, the address you already entered. In the Destination box (Box B), enter 1501 haight st and choose the 1501 Haight St address in San Francisco in the drop-down menu that appears.

Select the Get Directions link. As shown in Figure 9-13, the Maps app gives you several sets of driving directions between the two addresses and tells you how long each drive will take. Select a drive in the list to get specific instructions for driving between the two addresses. After you select a drive, you can click or tap the Print icon to print the instructions.

FIGURE 9-13

Are you walking, not driving? In that case, select the Walking icon at the top of the Search panel to get directions for walking between the two locations. You can also select the Transit icon to get directions for getting there by public transportation.

Select the Search button (the magnifying glass in the upper-left corner of the screen) and then select 1501 Haight St., San Francisco in the drop-down menu. You get a detailed look at the streets surrounding this address. Select the Restaurants icon under What’s Nearby (refer to Figure 9-12) to see restaurants on the map. You can select the name of a restaurant to find out more about it. The What’s Nearby icons also provide the means to find attractions, parking, hotels, and other goodies.

The Maps app keeps tabs on your travels. Select a tab along the top of the screen to retrace your steps and revisit a map you saw earlier.

Stay on Time with the Clock App

For the most part, the Clock app is a simple tool that gives you a few different options to set timers. Open the Clock app by searching for Clock, using the Search icon on the taskbar. You see a navigation pane on the left side of the app where you can toggle between different options (see Figure 9-14). They are:

Focus Sessions: You can choose Start Focus Session to create a timer for something specific. For example, if you’re exercising on a treadmill and you want to walk for a specific time, you can create daily focus sessions and track your progress over time (refer to Figure 9-14).

Timer: You can activate some present timers (1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes). You can also click the + icon to create a new timer. When you start a timer, a chime will sound when the timer is complete.

Alarm: You can set a daily alarm (or choose which days you want the alarm to sound). For example, you could set a daily wake-up alarm, a daily exercise alarm, and so forth.

FIGURE 9-14

Timer: Here you find a simple timer you can use. You can also select the Lap/Split button while you’re using the timer to mark laps and such. This feature is helpful if you’re exercising and want to flag the time a lap took to complete.

World Clock: This lets you view the local time, but you can also select the + button to see the time and date in any city in the world.

You can select the Settings option (refer to Figure 9-14) to make some adjustments to the Clock app. For example you can turn on or off end-of-session or break sounds (and adjust the sounds as well). You can also adjust the app theme if you like.

Write Documents with WordPad

Windows 11 comes with a word processing app called WordPad. Word processors are applications that you can use to write letters, reports, and other documents. WordPad isn’t as sophisticated as its cousin Microsoft Word, the world’s most famous word processor, but it’s pretty darn good. And it doesn’t cost anything. Moreover, you can open documents created in Word in WordPad (though the document may not display all of Word’s formatting correctly). Word can read WordPad documents, too. To start WordPad, type WordPad using the Search icon on the taskbar and then select WordPad in the search results. WordPad opens, as shown in Figure 9-15.

FIGURE 9-15

Type a few words and then select the words by dragging over them. You can tell when words are selected because they are highlighted. After you select words, you can reformat them. Open the Font Family menu on the toolbar and choose your favorite font. Then open the Font Size menu and choose a font size. By changing fonts and font sizes, you can change the words’ appearance.

Click or tap the Bold button (the B) on the Home tab (or press Ctrl+B). The words are boldfaced. Boldfacing, italicizing (select the Italic button), and underlining (select the Underline button) are other ways to change the appearance of words.

Select the Linespace button and choose an option — 1.0, 1.15, 1.5, or 2 — on the drop-down list that appears. In this way, you can change the amount of space between lines. For example, choosing 2 double-spaces the text you selected.

You can choose formatting commands before you start typing. The commands you choose are applied to the words you write next. It isn’t necessary to write the words first and then select them to make formatting changes.

Drag the Zoom slider in the lower-right corner of the screen to the right (or click or tap the Zoom In button on the right side of the slider). Zooming in increases the size of text on the screen so that you can see it better. Drag the slider to the left (or click or tap the Zoom Out button) to make the text look smaller.

Press Ctrl+S or select the Save button (located in the upper-left corner of the screen) to save your document. You see the Save As dialog box. WordPad documents are saved in the RTF format (RTF stands for rich text format). As we mention earlier, Microsoft Word can read and display RTF files. Enter a name for your document and select the Save button.

Chapter 15 explains how to open, save, and otherwise manage files.

Write a Sticky Note to Yourself

Use the Search icon and search for Sticky Notes. Select the app in the search results to open it. A sticky note — like the ones in Figure 9-16 — appears on the screen. Sticky notes are the digital equivalents of the yellow stick-’em tabs that people attach to their computers and desks. Use sticky notes to remind yourself to do something or be somewhere.

FIGURE 9-16

Type the note. Then move the pointer over the stripe at the top of the note and drag the note to a corner of the screen.

You can change the size of a sticky note. Move the pointer over the lower-right corner of the note. When the pointer changes to double arrows, start dragging.

Click or tap the New Note button (refer to Figure 9-16). Another sticky note appears. Write a second note and drag it to a corner of the screen.

Click or tap the Delete Note button on one of your notes when you no longer need it. You can also format the note text or even add an image (refer to Figure 9-16).

Chat Face-to-Face with Skype

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type skype in the Search box; then select the Skype app in the search results. You can use this app to video chat with others. (You can also use the Microsoft Teams app to video chat; see Chapter 8 for more information.) To use Skype, your computer must have audio and video capability. You can also use Skype if a webcam is connected to your computer.

You need to sign in to your Microsoft Account before you use Skype. See Chapter 4 for information about creating a Microsoft Account.

The first time you use the Skype app, the screen asks you to sign in with your Microsoft Account as well as add a photo (if you like), and then it asks you to test your microphone and webcam. Just follow the instructions to check everything.

The Skype screen lists the names of people on your Contacts list and people you have called before using Skype. You can select one of these people to call them now. If the person you want to call isn’t listed, enter their name in the Search Skype box and select the Search button (which looks like a magnifying glass). The Skype directory opens, as shown in Figure 9-17. Scroll to find the person you want to call, using the person’s photo ID and geographical information as your guide.

When you see the name of the person you want to call, select the name. Then, on the call screen, select the Video Call button. You hear a ring tone as the call is made, and you see the person’s face if they answer. Your face appears in the lower-right corner of the screen so that you can see what your face looks like to the caller. (You can drag this screen from place to place.) Start talking. Smile. Trade the latest news. Have a ball.

FIGURE 9-17

Select the Video and Microphone buttons when you need a little privacy. Select the Video button to turn off your video (the other caller can’t see you); select the Microphone button to turn off your audio (the other caller can’t hear you).

Select the Open Conversation button (in the upper-right corner of the screen) to send an instant message to the other caller. The message panel appears. In the bottom of the message panel, type your message and press Enter. Sending text messages is a useful way to communicate when you have technical difficulties or the other caller isn’t answering. Select the Close Conversation button (at the top of the Chat window) to close the message panel.

Select the red End Call button to complete your call.

When someone calls you, the Incoming Call panel appears. Select Turn Video On (at the bottom of the panel) to initiate the call.

Ask Questions of Cortana

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type cortana in the Search box; then select the Cortana app in the search results. The first time you use Cortana, the app asks you to sign in with your Microsoft Account. Click or tap the Speak to Cortana button (it looks like a microphone) on the lower-right side of the app window. Cortana can respond to questions you ask with your voice.

To use Cortana, your computer’s microphone must be up and running. Turn to Chapter 14 if the microphone on your computer isn’t connected or working properly.

Say aloud, “Tell me a joke.” As you say these words, they appear in the text box, and if all goes right, Cortana recites a joke. As well, the words of the joke appear on the screen, as shown in Figure 9-18.

Select the microphone button and ask, “What is the weather in Chicago, Illinois?” Cortana gives you the weather in Chicago.

Select the microphone button and ask, “What is the safest car?” As shown in Figure 9-19, Cortana quickly searches the Internet and provides an answer. Regardless of whether Cortana can answer a question well, you can always select the See More Results on Bing.com link in Cortana to open your browser to the Bing website and conduct a search there.

Cortana can remind you to attend events and appointments. Say “Remind me.” Cortana replies, “Sure thing, what should I remind you about?” or “What do you want to remember?” Next, say “Walk the dog.” Cortana asks when you want to be reminded. Reply, “In five minutes,” and answer “yes” when Cortana asks you to confirm that you want to be reminded. As long as you begin by saying “Remind me,” Cortana can record reminders like this.

FIGURE 9-18

FIGURE 9-19

Rate and Review an App or Game

On the Library screen in the Microsoft Store (refer to Figure 10-8), select the free chess game you downloaded. If you don’t have this game, see the section “Install a New App or Game,” earlier in this chapter, or substitute any app or game you have installed.

In the Chess Free window, scroll down and in the Ratings and Reviews category, select the Rate and Review button, shown in Figure 10-9. The review screen appears (refer to Figure 10-10). Every app and game has a Rate and Review button.

FIGURE 10-9

You can rate or review only apps and games that you've installed, and you must be signed in with your Microsoft Account.

In the review screen, choose the number of stars you want to give this game. (Select one star for the lowest rating; select five for the highest rating.) Select the Add a Review button.

FIGURE 10-10

In the Write Your Review screen, say what you will, up to 500 characters, including spaces and punctuation.

In the Headline box, type a summary or overview of your comments, such as Great app or Needs work.

Your comments may help another person decide whether to install an app. In addition, the app's developer may use customer feedback to fix problems or add features.

Your Microsoft Account name and picture, if you have one — but not your email address — appear with your review.

Select the Submit button when you’re done with your review.

Uninstalling an App

You may download an app, such as a game, and later decide you don’t like or want the game any longer. You can easily uninstall anything you download from the Microsoft Store. First, search for the app you want to uninstall by using the Search icon on the taskbar.

Select the app in the search results.

In the right pane of the search results, you see the option to Uninstall the app. Select the Uninstall option, as shown in Figure 10-11.

A dialog box appears, asking you to confirm. Select Uninstall again, and the app is uninstalled from your computer.

FIGURE 10-11

Available apps change often on the Microsoft Store. If you uninstall an app, there’s no guarantee it will be available for download later. So, make sure you have no plans to use the app in the future before you uninstall.

Add Billing Information to the Microsoft Store

To add the billing information necessary to buy apps and games, select the Profile button next to the Search box. A pop-up menu appears with the option to select Payment Methods, as shown in Figure 10-12. Select this option, and a web page opens in Microsoft Edge.

See Chapter 4 for information on creating a Microsoft Account.

FIGURE 10-12

For security purposes, Microsoft asks you to enter your email address and password on the next screen. Enter your password and select the Sign In button.

Scroll through the screen to make sure that the information here is accurate. If you are not being billed to the correct credit card or you want to change the credit card to which you are billed, select Payment & Billing on the toolbar and choose Payment Options on the drop-down menu that appears.

Select a payment method (or select Payment Options if Microsoft already has credit card information on you) and do the following:

Select your credit card type.

You must fill out all parts of this form except for Address Line 2.

Enter your credit card number in the box provided. Don’t enter dashes or spaces.

Under Expiration Date, select the month (MM) and year (YYYY) your card expires.

Enter your name as it appears on your credit card.

Under CVV, enter the three- or four-digit verification code from your credit card. (Select What’s This? for an illustration of the location of this code on your card.)

In the Billing Address section, do the following:

Enter your street address, city, state, and ZIP code.

Select your Country/region.

Under Phone Number, enter your area code in the first box and the remainder of your number in the second box.

When you’re ready to continue, select Save.

If any of your data is incomplete or invalid, the form remains onscreen. Look for indications of a problem. Review each entry before selecting Submit.

If your information was accepted, you return to the Your Account screen. Under Payment and billing info, note your credit card type, the last four digits of your number, and the expiration date.

Copy Photos from Your Camera

If your digital camera came with a cable, connect that cable to the camera, connect the other end of the cable to a USB port on your computer, and turn your camera on. If your laptop or tablet has a built-in card slot, you can take the memory card out of the camera and insert it in that slot.

If your computer doesn’t have a built-in card slot, consider buying a small memory card reader that plugs into your computer and works with your camera’s memory card. You don’t need a multicard reader, just a reader with a single slot the size of your camera card. We consider a card reader to be more convenient than using a cable.

The techniques described here for importing photos from a camera also apply to videos. Follow these steps as well to copy videos from your digital camera to your computer.

Windows 11 detects your camera and may briefly display a notification indicating Select to choose what happens with this device. If you’re quick enough to tap or click this notification, Windows 11 displays your choices, as shown in Figure 11-4. Select Open Device to View Files, if that option is available, to open File Explorer to the photos on your camera, as shown in Figure 11-5. Then skip to Step 4. If you didn’t catch the notification in time or you didn’t see the notification, continue to Step 4 to import photos another way.

See Chapter 3 for information on increasing the time a notification remains onscreen.

FIGURE 11-4

Select the File Explorer icon on the taskbar to start File Explorer. Then look for and select your camera in the navigation pane on the left side of the screen (refer to Figure 11-5). Your camera is located under This PC in the Navigation pane.

See Chapter 15 for detailed information about using File Explorer.

In File Explorer, select the photos you want to copy from your camera to your computer. Depending on your camera setup, the photos may be in a subfolder (refer to Figure 11-5). Use these techniques to select the photos:

FIGURE 11-5

Hold down the Ctrl button and click or tap photos to select them individually.

Press Ctrl+A to select all the photos in a folder.

Copy the photos you selected so that you can paste them into a folder on your computer. Use one of these techniques to copy the photos:

Press Ctrl+C.

On the toolbar in File Explorer, select the Copy button.

In File Explorer, select the folder where you want to copy your photos.

If you want to be able to view and edit your photos with the Photos app, select the Pictures folder or one of its subfolders and copy the photos there.

Organizing photos can be a challenge. If you dump more than a few dozen photos into the Pictures folder without using folders, finding a specific photo later will be difficult. Using folders with unintelligible names doesn’t help, either. Most of our folder names are based on the year and month (such as 2021–06) or the subject or location where we took the photos. You can name your folders whatever you want, but choose names that are meaningful to you and will help you find specific photos later.

Paste the photos into the folder you selected in Step 7. Use one of these techniques:

Press Ctrl+V.

On the toolbar in File Explorer, select the Paste button.

If you often import photos from a digital camera or memory card, you can speed the process by telling Windows to open File Explorer immediately when you attach your camera or memory card to your computer. Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type autoplay settings; and then select that option when it appears in your search. The AutoPlay window opens, as shown in Figure 11-6. In the Memory Card and Camera sections, choose Open Folder (or Open Device) to View Files (File Explorer).

FIGURE 11-6

View Photos with the Photos App

To see photos on your computer, select the Search icon on the taskbar and type photos in the Search box; then select the Photos app in the search results. The Photos screen opens to the Collection window, as shown in Figure 11-7. It shows the contents of the Pictures folder (and its subfolders) on your computer. Your screen will look different.

If you don’t see any pictures, go to one of these earlier sections:

If you have a digital camera, see “Copy Photos from Your Camera.”

If your computer has a built-in camera or a webcam, see “Take Photos (and Videos) with Your Computer.”

If you see pictures, either scroll down or drag the timeline on the right side of the screen to see more photos. Photos are presented by the dates on which they were taken.

FIGURE 11-7

You can take a screenshot — a picture of the current screen — by pressing   +Print Screen. (A touchscreen or mouse equivalent is not available.) The screen dims slightly to indicate the capture, which is stored automatically in the Screenshots folder in your Pictures folder. Use this technique to create your own documentation of problems or something you want to see again later.

Select the View Large, View Medium, and View Small button. These buttons are located in the upper-right corner of the screen (refer to Figure 11-7). Use them to examine and locate photos.

Select any photo to display it full size in the Photos app window, as shown in Figure 11-8. When looking at a single photo, you can scroll from photo to photo by selecting the Previous or Next button or by clicking or tapping the right edge or left edge of the screen. You can also press the PageDown key (forward) or PageUp key (back). Note that the Previous and Next buttons don’t appear until you hover or touch right or left sides of the window.

FIGURE 11-8

Select the See More button (the three dots on the right side of the toolbar; refer to Figure 11-8) and select Slideshow on the menu that appears. The photos appear in succession. Stop the slide show by clicking or tapping a photo.

Zoom in and out on a photo using one of these methods (repeat to zoom in or out more):

Mouse: Click the Zoom In or Zoom Out buttons on the toolbar to zoom in or out on your photo.

Touchscreen: Touch two fingers on the screen. Move your fingers apart to zoom in. Pinch your fingers closer together to zoom out.

Keyboard: Press Ctrl+plus sign (actually, press the equal sign — no need to press the Shift key) to zoom in. Press Ctrl+minus sign to zoom out.

Zoom in to see part of a photo made larger.

Use the Delete button in the toolbar to delete a photo. (See Chapter 15 for information on undeleting files.)

Select the arrow on the left side of the toolbar to return to your photo collection. In this view, you can see more than one photo.

The Photos app offers many options for editing photos. See “Edit Photos Using the Photos App,” later in this chapter.

Organizing Photos Using the Photos App

In the Photos app, photos are organized by date in the Collection window (refer to Figure 11-7), but you can organize photos other ways as well, starting in the Albums, People, or Folders window. Organize photos so that you can find and view them easily. Select the Albums tab to open the Albums window. If you’ve already spent some time with the Photos app, the app may have created albums for you (each album comprises photos taken on the same day). If you asked for some photos to be “favorites” (you learn how to shortly), the Photos app creates a Favorites album so that you can view these photos. If you’ve never used the Photos app, you won’t see anything in the Albums window except the option to create a new album.

Select New Album to create a new album for storing photos. The Create New Album window opens (see Figure 11-9). Scroll through and select photos you want for your album by selecting the check boxes on photos. Then select the Create button. The Album window opens, and you see a slide-show presentation of the photos you selected for the album. Select the Back button to return to the Albums window.

To remove an album from the Albums window, click or tap to select it. Then select the Remove button. To change an album’s cover photo, right-click or tap and hold the album, choose Change Your Photo on the pop-up menu, select a photo in the Choose a Cover Photo window, and select the Done button.

Select the People tab to open the People window, as shown in Figure 11-10. It may interest you to know that Windows 11 facial recognition software is capable of recognizing faces in photos. If you store a number of photos in the Photos app, the People window shows the faces of people that Windows 11 recognizes. By attaching names to the faces that are recognized, you can identify photo subjects by name and in so doing search for photos of people in the Photos app. To attach a name to photos that Windows 11 recognizes, select Add Name below a face (refer to Figure 11-10). Then type a name or choose one from the Contacts list that appears, and press Enter.

FIGURE 11-9

To find photos of someone who is recognized, click or tap in the Search box. A drop-down menu with names appears (refer to Figure 11-10). Select a name to see all the person’s photos.

If you object to Windows 11 butting into your private life with its facial recognition software, select the See More button in the upper-right corner of the screen and choose Settings on the drop-down menu. Then, in the Settings window, scroll to the People setting and turn the People setting off.

Locate and select a photo you particularly like to display it full size. Then select the Add to Favorites button (the heart-shaped button along the top of the screen). Selecting Add to Favorites places a link to the photo in the Favorites album. Select the Back button, visit the Albums tab, and select the Favorites album. You see photos you deemed “favorites.” Add a photo to the Favorites folder so that you can find it quickly.

FIGURE 11-10

Select the Folders tab to open the Folders window. By default, the Photos app keeps track of photos found in the Pictures folder (and its subfolders) on your computer. Suppose you want to manage photos in other folders with the Photos app. Select Add a Folder. The Select Folder dialog box appears. Select a Folder and then select the Add Folder to Pictures button. Photos in the folder you select are now available for viewing in the Photos app.

Edit Photos Using the Photos App

You can use the Photos app to change a photo’s size or appearance. In the Photos app, click or tap the photo you want to edit so that it fills the screen; then select the Edit & Create button, and choose Edit on the drop-down menu. The Editing window opens, as shown in Figure 11-11. This window offers many tools for touching up photos. To edit a photo, select a retouching method along the top of the screen (Crop & Rotate, Filters, or Adjustments) and then choose editing options.

FIGURE 11-11

Using the Filters method, you can take advantage of preset edits to photographs. After you select Filters, filter presets appear on the right side of the screen (refer to Figure 11-11). They offer the chance to change the light and color of a photograph in one fell swoop. Drag the Filter Intensity slider at the top of the screen to further change the look of a photograph.

If you make mincemeat of a photograph and you want the original version back, select the Undo button. Selecting this button restores a photograph to its original, pristine state.

Choose the Adjustments method to alter the brightness and color of your photograph (refer to Figure 11-12). By dragging sliders on the right side of the screen, you can do much to change the appearance of a photo.

Many photos can be improved by cropping, which involves cutting out distracting elements and keeping just part of the photo. You might crop a photo to concentrate on its most important part. To crop, select the Crop & Rotate method at the top of the screen. Then either select an aspect ratio or choose the Custom aspect ratio and drag the size or corners of the picture box until the photo is to your liking. The box tells you which parts will remain after cropping, as shown in Figure 11-13.

FIGURE 11-12

FIGURE 11-13

Sometimes when you import photos from a digital camera or scanner, they arrive askew because the photographer turned the camera the wrong way when shooting. You can correct this error by selecting Crop & Rotate and then selecting the Rotate button until the photo turns right-side-up.

Select Save a Copy when you finish doctoring your photograph to keep the original photograph as well as the edited version.

Print Photos Using the Photos App

If necessary, connect the cable from your printer to the USB port on your computer and make sure that your printer is turned on.

In the Photos app, select the photo you want to print using a click or tap to display the photo at full screen.

Select the Print button on the right side of the toolbar (it looks like a printer; refer to Figure 11-8). The Print window appears, as shown in Figure 11-14.

Here’s a handy keyboard shortcut that works in any app: Press Ctrl+P to open the Print window straightaway.

Select a printer. Note the preview. Select the Print button.

Chapter 14 explains printing in detail.

FIGURE 11-14

Scan Photos and Documents

Scan photos and documents to preserve them in digital form. Old family photos and heirloom documents such as birth certificates are candidates for scanning. Scanning means to render a paper photograph or document as a computer file so that you can post it on the Internet or send it by email. To scan photos and documents, you must have a scanner or a printer that is capable of scanning (most printers have a scanning capability). To start, connect the cable from your scanner or printer to the USB port on your computer. Make sure that your scanner or printer is turned on. If you’re using a printer, put it in Scan mode (you’ll need to check your printer documentation for instructions and details).

Put the item you want to scan in your scanner or printer.

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type scan in the Search box. In the search results, select Windows Fax and Scan. The Windows Fax and Scan app opens.

In the navigation window, select the New Scan button on the toolbar. The New Scan dialog box appears (see Figure 11-15). Starting here, you can tell Windows whether you want a high-quality or low-quality scan. On the Color Format menu, for example, choose Grayscale or Black and White instead of Color if you’re scanning a black-and-white document. Choose a Resolution (DPI) higher than 300 to render your photo or document in greater detail.

FIGURE 11-15

Unless you’re scanning more than one item, deselect the Preview or Scan Images as Separate Files option. This option creates a separate digital file for each item in your scanner.

Select the Preview button. The preview window shows what your photo or document will look like when it is scanned. If you don’t like what you see, play with the settings in the New Scan dialog and select the Preview button again.

Select the Scan button when you’re ready to scan your document. Your scanned photo or document appears in the Windows Fax and Scan window with the generic filename “Image.”

Select your newly scanned image and then select the Save As button. The Save As dialog box appears. Enter a descriptive name for the item, choose a folder to store it in, and select the Save button.

Chapter 15 explains how to save files.

Watch Videos

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type movies in the Search box. Select the Movies & TV app that appears. Microsoft designed this app for watching movies from the Microsoft Store and for watching homemade videos. To watch homemade videos, select the Personal tab on the menu bar. The Videos screen appears, as shown in Figure 12-11. Use the Video screen to watch videos.

Unless you store your videos in the C:\Users\Your Name\Videos folder, you don’t see any videos. To tell the Video app where you store your videos, select the Add Folders button. You come to the Build Your Collection screen. Select the Add button (the plus sign), and in the Select Folder dialog box, select the folder where videos are stored and then select the Add This Folder to Video button. Repeat these instructions to add all the folders where you store videos.

FIGURE 12-11

To play a video, select it on the home screen. The video appears in the video player screen, as shown in Figure 12-12. Along the bottom of this screen are controls for pausing, playing, and changing the volume level. Drag the slider below the video screen to rewind and fast-forward.

Select the Back button (located in the upper-left corner of the screen) to return to the Movies & TV home screen.

FIGURE 12-12

Burn a CD

Burning a CD means to copy songs from a computer to a CD. Burn a CD so that you can play the songs on your car’s CD player or pass along your favorite songs to a friend. To burn a CD, start by opening Windows Media Player, as shown in Figure 12-13.

Earlier in this chapter, “Play and Copy Music from a CD” explains Windows Media Player in detail.

To burn a CD, your computer needs an optical disk drive, a hardware device for playing and recording to CDs and DVDs. If your computer doesn’t have one and you want to burn CDs, you can buy optical disk drives that plug into your computer.

FIGURE 12-13

Create a playlist so that Windows Media Player knows which songs to burn to the CD. To create a playlist, select the Create Playlist button and enter a name for the playlist where the words Untitled Playlist appear. The name you enter then appears under Playlists on the left side of the screen.

Locate songs for your playlist and drag and drop their titles one by one onto your playlist name. The words Add to [Playlist Name] appear when you drag a song title onto your list. Use these techniques to locate songs so that you can drag them in the playlist:

Browse for songs: Under Music, select Artist, Album, or Genre on the left side of the screen (refer to Figure 12-13). A list of artists, albums, or genres appears.

Change views: Open the Change Views drop-down menu and choose Icon, Title, or Details to make finding a song title easier.

Search for songs: Enter a search term in the Search box.

Select your playlist on the left side of the screen. The songs you selected for the list appear, as shown in Figure 12-13. To listen to the songs on a playlist, select its name and click or tap the Play button at the bottom of the screen.

You can edit a playlist. While the list is playing, place more songs on the list (follow Step 3) or remove songs from the list by right-clicking and choosing Remove from List.

After you create a playlist, you can burn it to a CD. With Windows Media Player open, insert a blank CD in your computer’s CD or DVD drive or an optical drive plugged into your computer. Then select the Burn tab (refer to Figure 12-14) and drag a playlist from the left side of the screen to Burn List on the right.

FIGURE 12-14

You can change the order of the songs before you burn them onto a CD. Drag song titles up or down the list to change the song order.

Note the Audio CD bar on the right side of the screen. It tells you whether there is enough disc space to burn all the songs on the list. If there is enough space, select the Start Burn button. It can take a few minutes to burn a CD. When the job is complete, your computer ejects the CD. We suggest playing it to see whether the songs copied correctly to the CD. While you’re at it, label the CD by writing on it with a felt-tip (not a ballpoint) pen. Label the top of the CD, not the bottom.

Make a Voice Recording

Open the Voice Recorder app to record your voice. As shown in Figure 12-15, Voice Recorder lists recordings you already made (if you made any recordings).

It goes without saying, but your computer needs a built-in microphone or microphone jack for plugging in a microphone if you want to make voice recordings.

FIGURE 12-15

The first time you run Voice Recorder, a dialog box asks, “Let Voice Recorder access your documents library?” Select Yes. To change this later, go to the Settings app.

Select the Record button (or press Ctrl+R) to begin a recording. A timer tells you how long your recording is. You can select the Pause/Resume Recording button to temporarily stop a recording. Select the Pause/Resume Recording button again to continue recording.

Select the Stop Recording button (located in the middle of the screen) to end a recording. The name of your recording appears in the list under the generic name Recording. To give it a more descriptive name, right-click or tap to display the recording’s context menu (refer to Figure 12-15), choose Rename, enter a name, and select the Rename button.

To delete a recording, display its context menu and choose Delete.

To access a Sound Recorder file, perhaps to copy or move it, display its context menu (refer to Figure 12-15) and choose Open File Location. The Sound Recordings folder opens. From here, you can copy or move the file. See Chapter 15 if you need instructions for handling files.

Control Startup Apps

Startup apps are applications that start running when you turn on your computer. You might be surprised by how many startup apps run in the background without your knowing it. Occasionally you install new software or download a program from the Internet and discover that it runs automatically whether you like it or not. Sometimes the number of startup apps slows the computer down. To see which apps start running automatically when you turn on your computer, start the Task Manager with one of these techniques:

Keyboard: Press Ctrl+Alt+Del and select Task Manager on the blue screen.

Search: Select the search icon on the taskbar, enter task in the Search box, and then select the Task Manager in the search results.

Select More Details (if necessary) in the Task Manager window and then select the Startup tab, as shown in Figure 13-6. This is the list of applications that start when your computer starts.

Use one of these techniques to open your browser, go on the Internet, and find out what one of these startup applications does:

Mouse: Right-click an application and choose Search Online.

Touchscreen: Tap and hold down the name of an application. When a box appears around your fingertip, select Search Online.

FIGURE 13-6

Notice the Startup Impact column in the Task Manager. Applications with a high impact such as Microsoft OneDrive may be slowing down your computer. If you decide that one of these applications is unwanted or is slowing you down, disable it. (Don’t worry, you can enable it later on very easily, as we explain shortly.) To disable an application, select its name in the list and then select the Disable button.

To enable a startup application in the Task Manager (refer to Figure 13-6), select its name and then select the Enable button. The Status column in the Task Manager tells you whether a startup application has been disabled.

Explore System Information

Select the search icon on the taskbar and type control panel in the Search box.

Select Control Panel in the Search results. In the Control Panel, select System and Security.

In the System and Security window, select System. The System window shown in Figure 13-7 appears. This screen is chock-full of information and functions. (You need to scroll down the screen to see everything.) Note each of the following areas onscreen:

Windows edition: Of course, you have Windows 11. However, Windows 11 comes in two primary editions: the Home edition, which you are likely to have, and the Pro edition, for computer professionals. You may find information here about so-called Service or Experience Packs, which are large collections of updates to Windows 11.

Device Specifications: This section displays details about your hardware, including the processor, the amount of installed memory (RAM), and other details.

Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings: This information pertains to your network, if you have one. If a computer can’t connect to a network, the problem is often related to the name of the Workgroup (a network). The Change Settings function lets you change the Workgroup name to match other computers on the same network.

Windows 11 gives your computer a nondescript, generic name to begin with. To give your computer a more descriptive name, select Rename this PC at the very top of the System window (refer to Figure 13-7). Enter a new name in the Rename Your PC dialog box.

Product key and activation: In an effort to control software piracy involving bootlegged copies of Windows 11, each copy of Windows 11 must be activated. Odds are that you activated your copy the first time you started your computer.

FIGURE 13-7

Don’t be alarmed by the System information and options. If all goes well, you don’t have to use most of what you find here. Some familiarity with this screen will be useful, however, if all doesn’t go well later.

Check Your Security and Maintenance Status

In Control Panel, select System and Security, and on the next screen, choose Security and Maintenance (see Figure 13-8). The Security and Maintenance window appears, as shown in Figure 13-9.

Another way to open the Security and Maintenance window is to type Security and Maintenance using Search on the Windows taskbar.

FIGURE 13-8

FIGURE 13-9

Note any message displayed under Review Recent Messages and Resolve Problems. Ideally, you see No issues have been detected by Security and Maintenance. If you see a message concerning a specific problem, select that message for more information.

Select the Security heading in the Security and Maintenance window. That section expands to detail security functions. Every option should display On or OK. Here's a brief description of each item under Security:

Network Firewall: The firewall scans Internet traffic and blocks activity from programs that don’t have explicit permission to use Internet access. When you install a program that uses the Internet, you may be asked to approve the connection the first time. The safest practice is to reject online connections that you don’t initiate or recognize.

Virus Protection: Having virus protection for your computer is essential. Windows Defender, an antivirus protection program, comes with Windows 11, although you can install another antivirus program if you want. Later in this chapter, “Protect Your Computer from Viruses and Other Threats” explains how the Windows Defender works.

Internet Security Settings: These settings pertain to your browser. The default settings may be adequate.

User Account Control: This function notifies you of programs that try to make changes to your system and requires that you confirm any such changes. In particular, UAC lets you know when a program tries to run or install software that may be malicious. When in doubt, say No or Cancel to UAC messages.

Select the Maintenance heading to see what that section includes. Functions under Maintenance consist of the following:

Report Problems: This setting is on, allowing Windows 11 to regularly check for solutions to problems it uncovers. (In Step 5, you run the Reliability History report from this part of the screen.)

Automatic Maintenance: Your computer automatically performs critical updates, security scans, and diagnostics each day.

If your computer is in a guest room or bedroom, you may want to change the Automatic Maintenance setting to run maintenance tasks at some time other than the default 3:00 a.m. Your computer may actually wake up at that hour for maintenance (although, if your computer is connected to a power strip, you can turn off the power strip and prevent your computer from turning on automatically in the middle of the night). If the computer can’t run maintenance at the appointed hour, it will do so at the next opportunity.

File History: See Chapter 16 for information on using the File History option, which is off by default.

Drive status:Drives are hard disks inside or attached to your computer. Your documents, photos, and Windows 11 itself are stored on one or more drives. Ideally, the drive status is All drives are working properly. See Chapter 16 for information on backing up and restoring files.

Device software: If a device on your computer needs a driver or other type of software to run properly, you are alerted here (if no drivers are needed, you see the words No action needed). Select Install Device Software to install the software.

The Security and Maintenance window is a troubleshooting tool, so you should check it if you have problems running Windows 11.

Under Report Problems, select View Reliability History. As shown in Figure 13-10, the Reliability Monitor screen graphs your computer’s stability and indicates hardware and software problems, including those you may not be aware of. On this screen, red circles indicate critical events such as computer crashes; blue circles are information about software installation and updates; and yellow triangles indicate warnings about noncritical events (something that didn’t crash the computer). Select a day in the graph to display details in the lower portion of the screen.

Reviewing the Reliability Monitor screen helps you distinguish between a one-time glitch and a recurring or worsening problem.

FIGURE 13-10

Speed Up Your Computer

Frequently used computers tend to slow down over time. However, Windows 11 offers a couple of administrative tools that can make your computer work faster. To find out what these tools are, select the Search icon on the taskbar and type windows tools in the Search box. Then select the Windows Tools app in the search results. The Windows Tools app shows you a folder of tools you can use, as shown in Figure 13-11.

Select Defragment and Optimize Drives. The Optimize Drives screen opens, as shown in Figure 13-12. When you save a file, the new data you recently added gets placed on the hard drive wherever Windows 11 can find room for it. Consequently, a file is stored in many different places. If you’ve used your computer for a long time, files become fragmented — the bits and pieces are spread all over the drive, and your computer has to work hard to assemble all the pieces to open a file.

FIGURE 13-11

FIGURE 13-12

Select the C: drive and then select the Optimize button. Windows 11 optimizes your hard drive by moving the bits and pieces of files so that they are stored next to each other on the hard drive. It can take a few minutes or a few hours to optimize a hard drive, but no matter, because Windows 11 conducts this activity in the background and you can go on to do other tasks.

Return to the Windows Tools screen (refer to Figure 13-11) and select Disk Cleanup. The Disk Cleanup for Windows dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 13-13. It tells you how much disk space you can make available on your hard drive by removing unnecessary files.

FIGURE 13-13

Select the types of files you want deleted, and then select the Clean Up System Files button. A message box appears as the files are deleted from your computer.

Protect Your Computer from Viruses and Other Threats

Windows can identify and remove viruses, spyware, and other malefactors from your computer. To refine how Windows secures your computer against outside threats, select the Search icon on the taskbar and type virus in the Search box. In the Search results, choose Virus & Threat Protection. The Windows Security page opens, as shown in Figure 13-14. This page tells you whether the defense mechanisms on your computer are up to date. If they aren’t up to date, you can take actions here to update your computer’s defenses.

FIGURE 13-14

Windows performs “quick scans” in the background each time you run your computer. From time to time, to make sure your computer is thoroughly clean of viruses and spyware, run a full scan. Select the Scan Options link to display the scan options, shown in Figure 13-15. Then make sure that the Full Scan option is selected and select the Scan Now button.

FIGURE 13-15

A full scan can take a long time as Windows examines all the files on your computer for viruses and spyware. You can do other tasks on your computer while the full scan is running. If Windows finds a bad actor, the file with the virus or spyware is quarantined so that it won’t harm your computer.

Close the Windows Security window.

Access Device Options

For more control over device setup, open the Control Panel to the Devices and Printers window. To do so, select the Search icon on the taskbar and type control panel in the Search box. Select Control Panel in the search results to open the Control Panel, and select View Devices and Printers (under Hardware and Sound) to display the window shown in Figure 14-4.

The Device and Printers window shows the devices attached to your computer, including the computer itself, the display (or monitor), external add-on devices (such as a hard drive, flash drive, or memory card), and the mouse.

FIGURE 14-4

Most of these devices also appear in the Devices category of the Settings app (refer to Figure 14-3). However, you’ll find options under Devices and Printers that aren’t available in the Settings app.

Windows 11 automatically installs the Microsoft Print to PDF software. This software doesn't print but does create files that you can print later using a real printer. For example, if you’re in a coffee shop and want to print a web page or an email message, you can use this device and then open the file it creates when your computer is connected to a printer.

Double-click or double-tap the device you want to examine. This action opens the device's properties in a window with options or in a smaller box with limited information and options. (Older devices have more limited information.) Figure 14-5 shows information about a printer. When you’re finished reviewing the information or selecting available options, return to the previous screen by clicking the back arrow on the toolbar.

FIGURE 14-5

Display the context menu of options for your printer (or any device) using one of these methods: Click the right mouse button, or tap and hold until you see a small box appear under your finger, and then release. Select Printer Properties from the context menu. (Oddly, the menu also has a separate Properties option — be sure to select Printer Properties instead.)

In the Properties window, select the Print Test Page button. Another window opens indicating A test page has been sent to your printer. Select Close.

If a test page doesn’t print, check that both ends of the cable are plugged in properly and make sure the printer is turned on. If you’re using a wireless printer, make sure the printer is connected to your Internet router. Try to print a test page again. For more help, contact the printer manufacturer or the store where you bought the printer, or search the web.

If you’re having problems with any device, select the Troubleshoot option on the context menu to open a guided troubleshooting program that will walk you through options for resolving problems with the device.

The top of the Devices and Printers window has the Add a Device and Add a Printer buttons, but you need to use them only if Windows 11 doesn't automatically detect and install your device. With USB and plug-and-play technology, most devices install automatically.

Calibrate Your Touchscreen

If you have a problem accurately selecting objects on your screen using touch, you can calibrate your screen alignment. In this case, calibrating means to help Windows 11 understand what constitutes a tap on the screen. Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type control panel in the Search box. Select Control Panel in the search results and then select Hardware and Sound in the Control Panel window. You see the Hardware and Sound window, shown in Figure 14-6.

In the Hardware and Sound window, select Calibrate the Screen for Pen or Touch Input (it’s under Tablet PC Settings); see Figure 14-6. The Tablet PC dialog box appears (see Figure 14-7).

Select the Calibrate button. User Account Control may ask you to confirm that you want to run the Digitizer Calibration Tool. If so, select Yes.

If your touchscreen is badly calibrated, you may not be able to tap the Calibrate button. In that case, plug in a mouse to make the selection, and then continue using touch.

The screen displays lines around its perimeter, forming a box near the edge of the screen and a second box inside the first about half an inch from the edge. Lines connect these boxes near each corner. The result is 16 intersections. Starting at the upper-left corner, use your finger or a stylus to tap each intersection, which displays two short black lines forming crosshairs. As you touch each intersection, Windows 11 measures your touch and adjusts touch settings accordingly. After each touch is recorded, the crosshairs move to the next intersection to the right. (If the crosshairs don’t move, tap the previous intersection again.) As the crosshairs move, tap the highlighted intersection, left to right, down, and then left to right again. The process takes much longer to read about than to do.

FIGURE 14-6

If Windows 11 doesn’t recognize your touch, it won’t continue with the process. The screen says Right-click anywhere to return to the last calibration point. What if you don’t have a mouse? Tap and hold until you see the little box under your fingertip, and then release — that’s the touch equivalent of a click of the right mouse button.

After you have selected each of the 16 calibration points in turn, a box pops up asking whether you want to save the calibration data. Select OK unless you think something went wrong. In that case, select Cancel.

FIGURE 14-7

Add a Location to Quick Access

If you frequently access a specific location using File Explorer, you might want to add that location to the Quick Access section of the navigation pane for easy access. The Quick Access section is located at the top of the navigation pane. Windows 11 places some folders in the Quick Access folder list automatically, including the Documents folder and the Pictures folder. As well, it lists in alphabetical order folders that you visit frequently.

Display the Quick Access folders. To do so, click or tap the arrow next to Quick Access in the navigation pane to expand it, as shown in Figure 15-7.

FIGURE 15-7

Select a folder that you access frequently. For example, if you’re currently working on files you keep in a folder called My Work, select that folder in the navigation pane.

On the See More button on the toolbar (it looks like three dots), select the Pin to Quick Access option on the menu (refer to Figure 15-8). The name of the folder you selected in Step 3 now appears in the Quick Access folder list. Notice the pin beside its name.

Select your folder in the Quick Access folder list. Next time you want to get to this folder, you can get there quickly by selecting Quick Access in the navigation pane and then selecting your folder.

FIGURE 15-8

To remove a folder from the Quick Access list, select the folder you want to remove. Then right-click the folder and choose Unpin from Quick Access on the shortcut menu.

Use File Explorer for Easy Access to Files

Select the File Explorer icon on the taskbar if File Explorer is not already open. The right side of Explorer is called the content area. The left side of Explorer is called the navigation pane and contains folders. Explorer starts with its focus on your Quick Access and This PC folders, and on your C: drive and Network drives (if your computer is connected to a network).

The keyboard shortcut to open File Explorer is    + E.

On the left, select Music, and then Pictures, and then Videos, while noting the files in the content area on the right. Many Windows 11 apps store files by default in the Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos folders. Select the Documents folder again.

To create a practice document that you can use in later sections, select the New Folder menu on the toolbar. In the New section, select Text Document, as shown in Figure 15-9. (If you don’t see this option, make sure that the Documents folder is selected.) An empty text document is created and the words New Text Document are highlighted so that you can type a new name. Type practice file. (You’ll rename this file in a later section.) Feel free to repeat this step to create additional items for practice, such as Microsoft Word Documents or Bitmap Images.

On a touchscreen, the virtual keyboard doesn’t appear on the desktop until you select the keyboard icon on the right side of the taskbar.

Select the View button on the taskbar. In the drop-down menu that appears, select each option, such as Extra Large Icons and Large, Medium, and Small Icons. Try them all, if you like.

FIGURE 15-9

Certain layouts are better for certain purposes. For example, photos are easier to recognize as Extra Large Icons than as a List. Figure 15-10 shows documents using the Details view, which includes the date the file was modified.

FIGURE 15-10

Create a Folder to Organize Your Files

In the File Explorer navigation pane, select the Documents folder.

Select the New Folder button on the taskbar. An icon for the new folder appears in the content area on the right, with the name New folder next to it and already selected (see Figure 15-11).

On a touchscreen, the virtual keyboard doesn’t appear on the desktop until you select the keyboard icon on the right side of the taskbar.

Type practice folder as the new name. Don’t move the cursor or mouse before you start typing. Your new text will replace the highlighted text automatically. Press the Enter key to make the new name stick. (If you have a problem naming the folder, see the “Rename a File or a Folder” section, later in this chapter.)

Open your new folder by double-clicking or double-tapping its icon. Notice that the content area is empty.

To return to the Documents folder, select Documents in the navigation pane.

FIGURE 15-11

Don’t worry too much about creating folders, because the folders that Windows 11 provides may be all you ever need. As you accumulate more files, however, placing them into other folders can help you stay organized. In the Documents folder, for example, you might create a subfolder called Finances for files related to income, expenses, and investments, and another subfolder called Family for family-related documents. Which folders and subfolders to create and how to name them depends entirely on your own sense of order.

Use Check Boxes to Select Files

In File Explorer, you select files to move, copy, rename, or delete. You can add a check box to make selecting multiple files easier. This option may be turned on by default. Select a file or folder in File Explorer, and if a check box appears next to it, you don’t need to do anything else. If not, however, you can turn on this feature. In File Explorer, select the View button on the toolbar and then select Show. Click the Item Check Boxes option on the menu that appears, as shown in Figure 15-12.

Select the Documents folder (or any folder that contains more than one file). To select a file, click or tap its filename. (You won’t see the check box until you select it with a tap or a click, or hover over it with the mouse pointer.) Repeat to select additional files. If you want to deselect a file, select the check box again to remove the check mark. Close the window after you've seen how these check boxes work. Figure 15-13 shows four selected files.

If you want to select only a single file, you can select anywhere on the filename. You use the check box when you want to select more than one file at a time.

The See More button on the toolbar offers other methods for selecting. Select All does just what it says — selects all objects in a folder or library. Select None works similarly. Invert Selection switches the selection. For example, if we chose Invert Selection in the context of Figure 15-13, the four selected files would be deselected and all the other files would be selected. Sometimes it’s easier to select the files you don’t want and then invert the selection.

FIGURE 15-12

FIGURE 15-13

Undo or Redo an Action

Sometimes you make mistakes when you’re working with Windows 11. For example, you may give a file the wrong name or move a file to the wrong folder. The good news is that you can easily undo your last action. Just click the See More button on the toolbar and you see Undo in the menu list, as shown in Figure 15-14.

If you make a mistake and want to undo your last action, just click the Undo button. Note that there is no time limit for Undo, so no rush. However, also note that Undo undoes only your last action. You can’t use this feature to undo something you did several steps back as you’re working in File Explorer.

The keyboard shortcut for undo is Ctrl+Z.

You can also redo an action that you’ve chosen to undo. Say you undo a filename for a document, but then you realize that the original file name was correct after all. In that case, just select See More and then select Redo, as shown in Figure 15-14.

The keyboard shortcut for redo is Ctrl+Y.

FIGURE 15-14

Move a File from One Folder to Another

You can move files to organize them. For this exercise, select the Documents folder in File Explorer. Select one of your documents.

To move more than one file at a time, see the section “Use Check Boxes to Select Files,” earlier in this chapter.

In the navigation pane, scroll to find the folder you want to move the file to. When you see it, just drag the file to the new folder in the navigation pane and release it. This action moves the file out of the original folder and to the new folder you’ve chosen.

Use these same steps to move a subfolder from one folder to another. However, don't move folders that Windows 11 creates.

Rename a File or a Folder

You can change the name of any file or folder you create. (Don’t rename files in the Windows or Program Files folders.) For this exercise, select the Documents folder in File Explorer. Then select one of your files.

To rename more than one file at a time, see the section “Use Check Boxes to Select Files,” earlier in this chapter. On completion of the rename operation, the files you selected will share the name you provide; each file will have a unique number added to the name, starting with (1).

On the toolbar, select the Rename button. In the content area, the current name of the file or folder is selected, as shown in Figure 15-15. If you type anything while the text is selected, you erase the current name, which is convenient if the new name is completely different from the old name. If you want to keep most of the current name and edit it, select inside the name or press the left- or right-arrow key to move to the place in the name where you want to type new text.

Type the new name, which can be more than 200 characters long (although a dozen characters may be more than enough). You can capitalize letters and use spaces and dashes, but you can’t use slashes or asterisks, which Windows 11 reserves for other purposes.

On a touchscreen, the virtual keyboard doesn’t appear on the desktop until you select the keyboard icon on the right side of the taskbar.

When you’ve typed the new name, press the Enter key to finish the process.

FIGURE 15-15

You can right-click a file’s icon to see the Rename option on the context menu that appears. You may find this method faster.

Delete a File or Folder

You can delete any of your files that you no longer need. (Don’t delete files in the Windows or Program Files folders.) For this exercise, select the Documents folder in File Explorer. Then select one of your files.

To delete more than one file at a time, see the section “Use Check Boxes to Select Files,” earlier in this chapter.

On the toolbar, select the Delete button.

The keyboard shortcut to delete the selected file is the Delete key (surprise!).

A confirmation dialog box appears and asks whether you really want to delete the file, as shown in Figure 15-16. Here’s your chance to change your mind if you want. However, for this exercise, select Yes in the dialog box to delete the file.

If you don’t see a confirmation dialog box like the one in Figure 15-16, tell Windows 11 that you want to see this dialog box when you delete files and folders. Just right-click the Recycle Bin and click Properties. On the Properties dialog box, select Display Delete Confirmation Dialog and click OK, as shown in Figure 15-17.

Select another file, and then select the Delete button. The Delete File confirmation window appears. This time, select No to cancel the operation.

FIGURE 15-16

FIGURE 15-17

Get Back a File or Folder You Deleted

Normally, when you delete a file or folder, Windows 11 moves the object to the Recycle Bin. Objects remain in the Recycle Bin indefinitely, allowing you to restore something you deleted long after you did so. To open the Recycle Bin, go to the desktop and double-click or double-tap the Recycle Bin icon. The Recycle Bin opens, as shown in Figure 15-18.

If many files or folders are listed in the Recycle Bin window, type the name of the item you want in the Search box in the top-right corner of the window. If any files match what you type, they appear in the content area.

Note that on a touchscreen, the virtual keyboard doesn’t appear on the desktop until you select the keyboard icon on the right side of the taskbar.

To restore a file or folder to its original location, select the file or folder in the Recycle Bin window. Select See More on the toolbar and select Restore the Selected Items. The selected file or folder returns to the folder it was in before it was deleted.

If Windows 11 needs disk space, it will automatically clear out the oldest files in the Recycle Bin first. If you want to get rid of everything in the Recycle Bin, select Empty Recycle Bin on the toolbar. After you empty the Recycle Bin, you can’t undo your action.

Don’t select the Restore All Items button, because doing so puts every single item in the Recycle Bin back in its original location. Most of the files in the Recycle Bin are probably files that you really meant to delete. Choosing this command would be like dumping the trash can on your living-room floor to find a penny you threw away.

See Chapter 16 for information on backing up and restoring files.

FIGURE 15-18

To copy files or folders to a flash drive, insert the flash drive into one of your computer’s USB ports.

Laptops, like cameras, often have a slot for a memory card. Want to turn your memory card into a flash drive? Simply buy a device called a dedicated or single-purpose memory card reader. Strictly speaking, a multipurpose card reader also works, but multicard readers cost more and are often larger than single-card readers. In addition, a dedicated memory card reader doesn’t need a cable to connect a camera to a computer. You can just download your pictures to your hard drive from the card.

If Windows 11 displays a notification, when you insert the flash drive or memory card, select Open Folder to View Files, which will open File Explorer on the desktop. If File Explorer doesn’t open automatically, go to the desktop and then select the yellow folder icon in the taskbar to open File Explorer.

The keyboard shortcut to open File Explorer is    + E.

In File Explorer, navigate on the left to the folder that contains the files you want to copy. See Chapter 15 for information on navigating in File Explorer. Select the folder.

On the right side of File Explorer, select the folder or file you want to copy. If you see a check box to the left of each object you want to copy, you can select each check box to copy multiple files simultaneously. (If you don’t see check boxes next to files, see Chapter 15 for information on enabling this function for file selection.)

To select every object on the right simultaneously, use the Select All button available on the See More menu.

The keyboard shortcut to select all files in File Explorer is Ctrl + A.

Select the Copy button, as shown in Figure 16-2.

Click the little arrow next to This PC in the File Explorer navigation pane and locate the flash drive or memory card. The drive will not be Local Disk (C:), where Windows 11 resides. Select the removable flash drive or memory card to which you want to copy the files, as shown in Figure 16-3, and then select the Paste button on the toolbar. If the files copy quickly, you may not see any indication of progress; otherwise, a progress bar is displayed until copying is complete.

OneDrive may be listed in the Copy Items window. Files you copy to OneDrive are automatically copied to the cloud and to linked computers.

If you copy a file that is already on the destination disk, the Replace or Skip Files window appears, as shown in Figure 16-4. (Perhaps you’re copying a newer version of a file you copied before.) Note the available options:

Replace the File in the Destination: Selecting this option replaces one file with another. Be certain that you don’t need the replaced file (as you might if you want to keep different versions of files).

Skip This File: Selecting this option does nothing with this file.

Compare Info for Both Files: Selecting this option opens another window in which you can select files on the left to replace those on the right, and select files on the right to keep. Selecting the same file on the left and right creates a second file with a number added to the name, such as my file (2). This option enables you to have the original and the new file.

Select one of the previous options. If you selected Compare Info for Both Files, select the files to replace or skip, and then select the Continue button. You may or may not see a progress indicator, depending on how quickly the files are copied.

Confirm that the copy worked by navigating on the left to the location you selected as the destination in Step 6. If the files are there, congratulations; you’re done. If not, try Steps 4 through 6 again.

Remove the flash drive or memory card you inserted in Step 1. You’re good to go.

FIGURE 16-2

FIGURE 16-3

FIGURE 16-4

If you have files or folders that you’d be devastated to lose, follow the steps in this task to create backup copies of those items on a portable storage device. Then keep that device in a safe place.

To copy files from a flash drive or memory card, follow these same steps but select the flash drive in Step 3 and the folder or other destination to which you want to copy or move files in Step 6.

Use OneDrive to Store File Copies

Use OneDrive to back up and store files on the Microsoft cloud — in other words, to back up and store files on servers that Microsoft maintains on the Internet. If you have a Microsoft Account, you are entitled to 5 gigabytes of free storage space on the Microsoft cloud. If you have an Office 365 subscription, you are entitled to 1,054 gigabytes (1 terabyte). Here’s the big advantage of OneDrive: You can access files that you keep on the cloud from any computer connected to the Internet, whether you’re in Tallahassee or Timbuktu. Use one of these techniques to open the Set Up OneDrive dialog box and tell Windows 11 that you want to use OneDrive:

Select the OneDrive icon in the notification area located in the lower-right corner of the screen.

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and enter onedrive in the Search box; then select the OneDrive app in the search results.

If you’re signed in with a Microsoft Account, Windows 11 already knows your password. Skip to Step 3.

In the Set Up OneDrive dialog box, enter your email address and select the Sign In button. In the dialog box that appears, enter the password to your email account and select the Sign In button.

The next dialog box welcomes you to OneDrive or tells you where your OneDrive folder is located (which dialog box you see depends on whether you are signed in with a Microsoft or a local account). Click the Next button or Close button as necessary. You’re ready to copy the folders you want to back up or store into your OneDrive folder in the Microsoft cloud.

Open File Explorer and copy the folders you want to back up or store into the OneDrive folder. As shown in Figure 16-5, this folder appears in the navigation pane on the left side of the File Explorer window. Don’t let appearances fool you. Although the OneDrive folder appears alongside the other folders in the navigation pane, that folder lives in the Microsoft cloud, not on your computer. Folders and files on OneDrive show a green check mark to let you know they’re on OneDrive (refer to Figure 16-5).

Chapter 15 explains how to copy and move files with File Explorer. As well, it explains how to create and save files.

In File Explorer, open one of the folders on your computer that you copied to OneDrive, create a new file, and save the new file under the name Sync in the folder you opened.

In File Explorer, select the OneDrive folder and then, in OneDrive, open the folder with the same name as the folder you opened in Step 5. You see the Sync file on OneDrive. When you save a file in a folder that is also kept on OneDrive, a copy of the file is made to OneDrive automatically. Microsoft calls this syncing (for synchronizing). Thanks to syncing, you don’t have to copy files to OneDrive on your own because the copies are made automatically.

To see which folders from your computer are synced to folders in OneDrive, select the OneDrive icon in the notification area, choose Help & Settings on the dialog box, and then choose Settings in the pop-out menu. The Microsoft OneDrive dialog box appears. On the Account tab, select the Choose Folders button. The Choose Folders dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 16-6. You can deselect a folder in this dialog box to prevent OneDrive from syncing a folder on your computer to its counterpart folder on OneDrive. Deselect a folder if you don’t care to back up its contents on OneDrive.

Start the Edge browser and go to the OneDrive online website at this address: onedrive.live.com. If necessary, enter your password. You see the folders from your computer that you store on OneDrive, as shown in Figure 16-7. You can manage your files and folders starting here. For example, you can delete, move, and download files and folders.

FIGURE 16-5

Chapter 6 shows how to use Edge, the official web browser of Windows 11.

FIGURE 16-6

FIGURE 16-7

Turn On File History

To enable Windows 11 to create backup copies of your files, first make sure that an external drive such as a hard drive or flash drive is connected to your computer. Then search for File History and select the File History option from the search results. Ideally, you have an external drive that has as much or more storage space as you computer’s internal disk drive.

The File History window opens, as shown in Figure 16-8. File History recognizes the drive you have attached to your computer and can use it to store backup copies of your files. If you don’t have a drive connected, you’ll see the option to select a drive. Remember — File History has to use an external drive for it to work.

File History stores information on an external drive or a network location. After you turn on File History, it will automatically create copies of your documents and photos on the drive you identify. If you lose, delete, or change your mind about changes to a file, you can restore the backup copy created by File History following the steps in the “Restore Files with File History” section, later in this chapter.

By default, File History backs up every personal file you have on your computer. However, you can exclude folders from this backup process in order to save space on the external drive. Select Exclude Folders on the left side of the File History window to tell Windows 11 which folders to exclude, as shown in Figure 16-9. Just click the Add button to add excluded folders to the list.

By default, Windows 11 saves copies of files every hour, but you can change this and other file history settings. In the File History window, select Advanced Settings, which you can change as follows (see Figure 16-10):

Save Copies of Files: This option controls how frequently File History checks for new or changed files and saves those changes. We recommend that you select Every 10 Minutes to minimize the chances of losing new or changed documents.

When you go on vacation, consider disconnecting the external drive and storing it in a fireproof safe or a safe deposit box. The drive is your insurance against theft or destruction.

Keep Saved Versions: By default, File History keeps copies of your files forever. This option allows you to limit how long copies are kept. Leave this set as Forever.

FIGURE 16-8

To turn off File History or start backing up to another drive, return to the File History window (refer to Figure 16-8) and use the options on the left side of the window. You can select a different drive, exclude folders, configure advanced settings, or even turn off File History.

FIGURE 16-9

FIGURE 16-10

Restore Files with File History

Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type file history. On the search results screen, select Restore Your Files with File History – Control Panel. File History opens on the desktop.

The most recent backup versions created by File History appear in the window, shown in Figure 16-11. To see other versions of backups, select the left-pointing arrow at the bottom of the window. To return to the most recent backup, select the right-pointing arrow.

Don’t select the Restore button until you select the specific file(s) you want. Otherwise, all files will be restored simultaneously.

Generally, you want to restore the most recent version of a file. However, if you want to restore content that you changed prior to the most recent version, browse to an earlier backup.

If you know the location of the file you want to restore, you can open that file’s folder in the File History Restore window with a double-click or double-tap (see Figure 16-11). For example, if you’re trying to restore a photo and you know it’s in the Pictures folder, you can open that folder and find the photo you want. If you’re not sure of the folder location, select the Search All box in the upper-right corner and type the file’s name. Matching results appear as you type. Select the file you want to restore.

Select the Restore button. If you restored a file you previously deleted, you can close File History. Skip the remaining steps.

If the Replace or Skip Files window opens in the preceding step, a different version of the file exists in the original location. If you’re sure you want to restore the previous version of the file, you can choose Replace the Files in the Destination. However, to see additional options, select Compare Info for Both Files. The File Conflicts window appears, as shown in Figure 16-12.

In the File Conflicts window, consider the following selections:

Select files on the left to replace files in the destination with the backup files. (This is the same as selecting Replace on the Replace or Skip Files screen.)

Select files on the right to cancel restoring those files. (This is the same as selecting Skip on the Replace or Skip Files screen.)

If you select the same files on both sides of the window, File History will leave the original as is and restore the backup version with the same name plus (2), allowing you to have both versions. (You need this option only if you’re uncertain about which version you want.)

If you’re restoring multiple files at the same time, you can select different options for each: replace one, skip another, and have File History create a copy for another. That’s a lot of choices in one little window.

Select Continue, and Windows 11 completes the operation based on your choices in Step 6. The location of the restored files opens in File Explorer.

FIGURE 16-11

FIGURE 16-12

Reset a Misbehaving Computer

Glitch happens. The computer misbehaves, a program crashes, or the machine becomes unexpectedly slow. If your computer is misbehaving, try resetting it. Select the Search icon on the taskbar and type settings. Select the Settings app in the search results. Under System, scroll down and select Recovery (see Figure 16-13).

Before you reset your PC, see Chapter 13 for information about updating and maintaining Windows 11. Updating Windows may resolve some problems.

The Reset function should leave your data alone and unchanged. However, consider following Steps 1–4 in the section “Restore Files with File History” to confirm that your external drive contains all your files. Better safe than sorry.

FIGURE 16-13

Under Reset This PC, select the Reset PC button, as shown in Figure 16-14.

Before choosing the reset option, try the Fix problems Without Resetting Your PC option first (refer to Figure 16-14). This action may fix the PC’s problems much faster.

The Reset function doesn’t remove apps installed through the Microsoft Store but does remove any apps you installed any other way. This safety feature is based on the assumption that something you installed from some other source is causing a problem. Be certain that you either don't need a desktop app or that you have the materials necessary to reinstall a desktop app, such as Microsoft Office. Windows 11 will create a file on the desktop after the fact, identifying the programs it removed.

In the Choose an Option dialog box, select Keep My Files. (Or select Cancel, if you’re just exploring this feature and don’t want to continue with it.)

Reset runs, and your computer will restart at least once. When the reset process is complete, the Lock screen appears. Sign in as usual. If you see a file named Removed Apps on the desktop, double-click or double-tap it to open that file in your browser. The removed apps are listed. If you’re aware that one of these apps created a problem, don’t reinstall it.

FIGURE 16-14

Don’t be intimidated by the Reset function — it's easy, quick, and worthwhile if it makes a problem computer run better.